Pith Number

pith:SX2HOT3C

pith:2026:SX2HOT3C52EXN6KFIUAF3TWEKQ

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Courtroom-Style Multi-Agent Debate with Progressive RAG and Role-Switching for Controversial Claim Verification

Hasan Mahmud, Masnun Nuha Chowdhury, Md Kamrul Hasan, Nusrat Jahan Beg, Syed Rifat Raiyan, Umme Hunny Khan

Courtroom-style debate with progressive retrieval raises claim verification accuracy to 81.7 percent on Check-COVID.

arxiv:2603.28488 v3 · 2026-03-30 · cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.MA

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{SX2HOT3C52EXN6KFIUAF3TWEKQ}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

In zero-shot evaluations on the Check-COVID benchmark, PROClaim achieves 81.7% accuracy, outperforming standard multi-agent debate by 10.0 percentage points, with P-RAG driving the primary performance gains (+7.5 pp).

C2weakest assumption

The assumption that the courtroom structure and progressive evidence retrieval provide genuine robustness against hallucinations and biases, rather than overfitting to the specific Check-COVID dataset or the models used in the evaluation.

C3one line summary

PROClaim achieves 81.7% accuracy on Check-COVID claim verification by combining courtroom roles, progressive RAG, and multi-judge aggregation, outperforming standard multi-agent debate by 10 percentage points.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-08-04T01:52:42.910389Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

95f4774f62ee8976f94545005dcec4543005575664b76b1346b01cb146a0a70c

Aliases

arxiv: 2603.28488 · arxiv_version: 2603.28488v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2603.28488 · pith_short_12: SX2HOT3C52EX · pith_short_16: SX2HOT3C52EXN6KF · pith_short_8: SX2HOT3C

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/SX2HOT3C52EXN6KFIUAF3TWEKQ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 95f4774f62ee8976f94545005dcec4543005575664b76b1346b01cb146a0a70c

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "f5bb251b58be3155ba668db596b5c6a3ab7bb233eca244b0ff443ae4844fb98c",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI",
      "cs.MA"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-03-30T14:23:15Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "83ebddbd108167f1ff6cc0aa2d4697d5b20cf24fbe72d957f90dfb3ab0d7fde3"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2603.28488",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}