Pith Number

pith:TAX73HZC

pith:2026:TAX73HZCFCAL4EZV7AXCNII5Y5

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

"F*** You Biden": Cross-Partisan Electoral Toxicity on X

Anindya Mondal, Danishjeet Singh, Filippo Menczer

Republican-leaning posts on X are more toxic than Democratic ones, yet Democratic posts attract more toxic replies because Republicans generate most cross-partisan replies.

arxiv:2605.12526 v1 · 2026-04-10 · cs.SI · cs.CY

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{TAX73HZCFCAL4EZV7AXCNII5Y5}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

Republican-leaning posts are significantly more toxic than Democratic-leaning posts, yet Democratic-leaning posts attract significantly more toxic replies. The elevated toxicity directed at Democratic content is better explained by the volume of Republican cross-partisan replies.

C2weakest assumption

The human-validated large language model accurately classifies the political alignment of posts and users, and the Perspective API provides an unbiased measure of toxicity across partisan lines.

C3one line summary

Republican posts are more toxic than Democratic ones, but Democratic content draws more toxic replies due to higher volume of Republican cross-partisan engagement.

References

21 extracted · 21 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] Political Polarization on Twitter , url =

[2] Jana Belschner , title =

[3] Political Resources and Online Political Hostility: How and Why Hostility Is More Prevalent Among the Resourceful , author=. 2022 , note= 2022

[4] LLMs left, right, and center: Assessing GPT's capabilities to label political bias from web domains , author=. ArXiv , year=

[5] 2024 , url = 2024

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T03:10:02.773152Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

982ffd9f222880be1335f82e26a11dc77b455ee500dd152625eb56cf6629586f

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.12526 · arxiv_version: 2605.12526v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.12526 · pith_short_12: TAX73HZCFCAL · pith_short_16: TAX73HZCFCAL4EZV · pith_short_8: TAX73HZC

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/TAX73HZCFCAL4EZV7AXCNII5Y5 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 982ffd9f222880be1335f82e26a11dc77b455ee500dd152625eb56cf6629586f

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "88a3de24737e98317629354a01ddcbd6d82d6f7ef943d5763cbcc77b362b2e06",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.CY"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.SI",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-10T15:19:44Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "3e579dbae9f9745e38ae1469f7453bae99f2e3a8b13243176a7051350daa2e93"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.12526",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}