Pith Number

pith:U5RLRPWA

pith:2019:U5RLRPWAQTLANZBYEXOH3Y34QC

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Failure Modes in Machine Learning Systems

(2) Berkman Klein Center for Internet, (3) Harvard Law School), David O Brien (2), Jeffrey Snover (1) ((1) Microsoft, Kendra Albert (3), Ram Shankar Siva Kumar (1), Salom\'e Vilj\"oen (2), Society at Harvard University

arxiv:1911.11034 v1 · 2019-11-25 · cs.LG · cs.CR · stat.ML

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{U5RLRPWAQTLANZBYEXOH3Y34QC}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

1 paper in Pith

From Failure to Alignment: A Requirements Engineering Framework for Machine Learning Systems

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T00:21:44.538004Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

a762b8bec084d606e43825dc7de37c8089199a10aa3983cbda552b092e9f3932

Aliases

arxiv: 1911.11034 · arxiv_version: 1911.11034v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1911.11034 · pith_short_12: U5RLRPWAQTLA · pith_short_16: U5RLRPWAQTLANZBY · pith_short_8: U5RLRPWA

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/U5RLRPWAQTLANZBYEXOH3Y34QC \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: a762b8bec084d606e43825dc7de37c8089199a10aa3983cbda552b092e9f3932

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "95607b80437672c5bf8f73cae00f585d3d6e6536460ee18b2d443ff376a65d94",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.CR",
      "stat.ML"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2019-11-25T16:37:28Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "488ae910cb83ad0c54c1ddbbd16cc96a8328146979addd8a20144d58a00d14e7"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1911.11034",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}