Pith Number

pith:VBV6IQNG

pith:2021:VBV6IQNG32GIQN2UTOWYNXERBE

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Towards Gradient-based Bilevel Optimization with Non-convex Followers and Beyond

Jin Zhang, Risheng Liu, Shangzhi Zeng, Yaohua Liu

arxiv:2110.00455 v2 · 2021-10-01 · cs.LG

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{VBV6IQNG32GIQN2UTOWYNXERBE}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T03:26:44.517363Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

a86be441a6de8c8837549bad86dc910931bc32f0c8ef3735607fc31d58645ae8

Aliases

arxiv: 2110.00455 · arxiv_version: 2110.00455v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2110.00455 · pith_short_12: VBV6IQNG32GI · pith_short_16: VBV6IQNG32GIQN2U · pith_short_8: VBV6IQNG

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/VBV6IQNG32GIQN2UTOWYNXERBE \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: a86be441a6de8c8837549bad86dc910931bc32f0c8ef3735607fc31d58645ae8

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "8548c0f18da111a8e5beff073464f2a1f0bfb1925554b3f833b3323c107ef29b",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2021-10-01T14:41:17Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "2027af54e970cc387a2ac44026bba62fdfc0112c1425f9b935f232d74b2b859d"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2110.00455",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}