Pith Number

pith:VTKA3Q44

pith:2016:VTKA3Q44HMBLSESGPAR2H6RVIL

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Big is Fragile: An Attempt at Theorizing Scale

Alexander Budzier, Atif Ansar, Bent Flyvbjerg, Daniel Lunn

arxiv:1603.01416 v2 · 2016-03-04 · q-fin.EC · q-fin.GN

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{VTKA3Q44HMBLSESGPAR2H6RVIL}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T00:43:13.450226Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

acd40dc39c3b02b912467823a3fa3542ce83912a2b27dfcb3f7cfc8d6cd41bcc

Aliases

arxiv: 1603.01416 · arxiv_version: 1603.01416v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1603.01416 · pith_short_12: VTKA3Q44HMBL · pith_short_16: VTKA3Q44HMBLSESG · pith_short_8: VTKA3Q44

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/VTKA3Q44HMBLSESGPAR2H6RVIL \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: acd40dc39c3b02b912467823a3fa3542ce83912a2b27dfcb3f7cfc8d6cd41bcc

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "7f1976eb676523a38323355f469b8dd6bd5a778748124f075a0246468b6539f7",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "q-fin.GN"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "q-fin.EC",
    "submitted_at": "2016-03-04T10:31:54Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "448e604b7404286e91dd2c874b17719766f6f173b369d1f0162f4ed7fbae6ca7"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1603.01416",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}