Pith Number

pith:W4QSCBXB

pith:2025:W4QSCBXBUYQMZY3CN2474OWNWP

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Learning Mechanism Underlying NLP Pre-Training and Fine-Tuning

Ella Koresh, Ido Kanter, Or Shpringer, Ronit D. Gross, Shalom Rosner, Tal Halevi, Yarden Tzach

arxiv:2509.03407 v1 · 2025-09-03 · cs.CL

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{W4QSCBXBUYQMZY3CN2474OWNWP}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T12:04:22.052221Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

b7212106e1a620cce3626eb9fe3acdb3fb8921a55528d8db2317f24068972b4d

Aliases

arxiv: 2509.03407 · arxiv_version: 2509.03407v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2509.03407 · pith_short_12: W4QSCBXBUYQM · pith_short_16: W4QSCBXBUYQMZY3C · pith_short_8: W4QSCBXB

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/W4QSCBXBUYQMZY3CN2474OWNWP \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: b7212106e1a620cce3626eb9fe3acdb3fb8921a55528d8db2317f24068972b4d

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "4e500941c4522ac245c9267c465aeaec50d85bb85544ec44dc4ffcff974ca3f2",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2025-09-03T15:32:50Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "a3df4eb001de8884517ea06a8c83cde08a6941ed326ad2c9af8e0e813e81896b"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2509.03407",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}