Pith Number

pith:W5DPPVPK

pith:2026:W5DPPVPK646BF6OKWUOID2BRVY

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

MIRAGE: Online LLM Simulation for Microservice Dependency Testing

Xinran Zhang

Online LLM simulation lets microservice tests generate dependency responses at runtime, reaching 99 percent status-code and response-shape fidelity where record-replay reaches only 62 and 16 percent.

arxiv:2604.04806 v4 · 2026-04-06 · cs.SE

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{W5DPPVPK646BF6OKWUOID2BRVY}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

In white-box mode, MIRAGE achieves 99% status-code and 99% response-shape fidelity, compared to 62% / 16% for record-replay. Caller integration tests produce the same pass/fail outcomes with MIRAGE as with real dependencies (8/8 scenarios).

C2weakest assumption

That an LLM prompted with source code and traces will produce behavior that generalizes to unseen error-handling and reasoning scenarios without introducing hallucinations or inconsistencies that would alter test outcomes.

C3one line summary

Online LLM simulation of microservice dependencies achieves 99% status-code and response-shape fidelity across 110 scenarios on three systems, far exceeding record-replay baselines.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-29T01:14:30.943508Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

b746f7d5eaf73c12f9cab51c81e831ae05f2f7f9064b96e8e94a9f42105fc8d6

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.04806 · arxiv_version: 2604.04806v4 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.04806 · pith_short_12: W5DPPVPK646B · pith_short_16: W5DPPVPK646BF6OK · pith_short_8: W5DPPVPK

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/W5DPPVPK646BF6OKWUOID2BRVY \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: b746f7d5eaf73c12f9cab51c81e831ae05f2f7f9064b96e8e94a9f42105fc8d6

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "158c537a9e5853fda6b2a132a86551fce20b50b021701ae2021c7991686eaf7c",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.SE",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-06T16:10:23Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "a78f05fbe96befb9133fc4ade18fadce95a0803d1e18e91741b9f038a4e1d78a"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.04806",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 4
  }
}