Pith Number

pith:WB5PYWEL

pith:2025:WB5PYWELH6VNNTNJWHMRKTLRXI

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables

Iv\'an Fern\'andez-Val, Jaap H. Abbring, Victor Chernozhukov

arxiv:2501.16395 v2 · 2025-01-26 · econ.EM

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{WB5PYWELH6VNNTNJWHMRKTLRXI}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T10:40:16.437002Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

b07afc588b3faad6cda9b1d9154d71ba302c0dba17b0372952717d6ffbf1823f

Aliases

arxiv: 2501.16395 · arxiv_version: 2501.16395v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2501.16395 · pith_short_12: WB5PYWELH6VN · pith_short_16: WB5PYWELH6VNNTNJ · pith_short_8: WB5PYWEL

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/WB5PYWELH6VNNTNJWHMRKTLRXI \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: b07afc588b3faad6cda9b1d9154d71ba302c0dba17b0372952717d6ffbf1823f

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "4d74141a42e832d2186a4f5f2d6bc99d79e43b173843de2aa43c16ab655abd31",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "econ.EM",
    "submitted_at": "2025-01-26T16:29:40Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "8538791c3793f39ec115b7636110733008fcb5359b8a57af026e74298785d8a0"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2501.16395",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}