Pith Number

pith:WNWTPGN4

pith:2026:WNWTPGN4F7KPOMIYKLWUWSN2SP

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Big Bang revisited

Frans R. Klinkhamer

A degenerate spacetime metric eliminates the Big Bang curvature singularity in the Friedmann solution.

arxiv:2604.00077 v3 · 2026-03-31 · gr-qc · astro-ph.CO · hep-th

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{WNWTPGN4F7KPOMIYKLWUWSN2SP}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

It has been suggested that this Big Bang curvature singularity can be eliminated by use of a degenerate spacetime metric.

C2weakest assumption

That a degenerate spacetime metric remains physically acceptable and consistent with the Einstein field equations and cosmological observations when applied to the Friedmann solution.

C3one line summary

A degenerate spacetime metric is proposed to remove the Big Bang curvature singularity from the Friedmann solution, alongside discussion of CPT-conjugated worlds and an extended Einstein field equation.

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-09T02:08:41.525900Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

b36d3799bc2fd4f7311852ed4b49ba93ce1318ce12b693eb8081652005a1ecb8

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.00077 · arxiv_version: 2604.00077v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.00077 · pith_short_12: WNWTPGN4F7KP · pith_short_16: WNWTPGN4F7KPOMIY · pith_short_8: WNWTPGN4

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/WNWTPGN4F7KPOMIYKLWUWSN2SP \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: b36d3799bc2fd4f7311852ed4b49ba93ce1318ce12b693eb8081652005a1ecb8

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "82c459351d698273873a08640b31ccfc273b57e6063d529bf35ed0133d96723f",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "astro-ph.CO",
      "hep-th"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "gr-qc",
    "submitted_at": "2026-03-31T16:07:04Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "a1fd370e66c06c9ba5325a13958a0dc8defa9853cbba0a788cb666cac073e889"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.00077",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}