Pith Number

pith:WTXXLPU7

pith:2023:WTXXLPU7HITF27FTDRJADR3DRO

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

How Much Should We Trust Instrumental Variable Estimates in Political Science? Practical Advice Based on Over 60 Replicated Studies

Apoorva Lal, Mac Lockhart, Yiqing Xu, Ziwen Zu

arxiv:2303.11399 v3 · 2023-03-20 · econ.EM · stat.ME

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{WTXXLPU7HITF27FTDRJADR3DRO}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T07:09:46.704928Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

b4ef75be9f3a265d7cb31c5201c7638b8250efe95b0b123469063b0270e49440

Aliases

arxiv: 2303.11399 · arxiv_version: 2303.11399v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2303.11399 · pith_short_12: WTXXLPU7HITF · pith_short_16: WTXXLPU7HITF27FT · pith_short_8: WTXXLPU7

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/WTXXLPU7HITF27FTDRJADR3DRO \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: b4ef75be9f3a265d7cb31c5201c7638b8250efe95b0b123469063b0270e49440

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "981d33cdd37073eb837b3f68a62ac67693b748a3bf44abf2bfa075e03e9cefae",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.ME"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "econ.EM",
    "submitted_at": "2023-03-20T19:11:56Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "da1d53503fc11ca121c8084350b05d3ad4adca53837189966d05f488ba07e78f"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2303.11399",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}