Pith Number

pith:X23LULC2

pith:2019:X23LULC2PCA5CE3F4QTAFTMGQY

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Evaluating A Key Instrumental Variable Assumption Using Randomization Tests

Luke Keele, Zach Branson

arxiv:1907.01943 v1 · 2019-07-03 · stat.ME

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{X23LULC2PCA5CE3F4QTAFTMGQY}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:41:34.432639Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

beb6ba2c5a7881d11365e42602cd8686334123949f4d49fa119f64ad14ca2c93

Aliases

arxiv: 1907.01943 · arxiv_version: 1907.01943v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1907.01943 · pith_short_12: X23LULC2PCA5 · pith_short_16: X23LULC2PCA5CE3F · pith_short_8: X23LULC2

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/X23LULC2PCA5CE3F4QTAFTMGQY \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: beb6ba2c5a7881d11365e42602cd8686334123949f4d49fa119f64ad14ca2c93

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "85f4666e9efe5fe1a9e3efeb3bb92943e3eadaf88a086a59b1ca68292b7fb5b6",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2019-07-03T13:44:45Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "022933b3ba6baf7966fbceec7be35cf30aacb19a5419953c4aebc0c8397da7bd"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1907.01943",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}