Pith Number

pith:XG7DL6Z6

pith:2021:XG7DL6Z6IYM7PLLPMKOY73K7PS

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Causal Decision Making and Causal Effect Estimation Are Not the Same... and Why It Matters

Carlos Fern\'andez-Lor\'ia, Foster Provost

arxiv:2104.04103 v3 · 2021-04-08 · stat.ML · cs.LG

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{XG7DL6Z6IYM7PLLPMKOY73K7PS}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

1 paper in Pith

From Observational Data to Clinical Recommendations: A Causal Framework for Estimating Patient-level Treatment Effects and Learning Policies

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T03:18:54.590167Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

b9be35fb3e4619f7ad6f629d8fed5f7cbeae13478002f39f94f2dab331e78ab1

Aliases

arxiv: 2104.04103 · arxiv_version: 2104.04103v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2104.04103 · pith_short_12: XG7DL6Z6IYM7 · pith_short_16: XG7DL6Z6IYM7PLLP · pith_short_8: XG7DL6Z6

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/XG7DL6Z6IYM7PLLPMKOY73K7PS \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: b9be35fb3e4619f7ad6f629d8fed5f7cbeae13478002f39f94f2dab331e78ab1

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "714e487396295b84fb5075fea82625cf9293988bdb249af22f995c9c24a7c389",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.LG"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ML",
    "submitted_at": "2021-04-08T22:50:54Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "f0e2f5dcbbc9f804208377d9479ee20cf8d7915d8d7f11e66158a23437b983b0"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2104.04103",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}