Pith Number

pith:XM5YNGTM

pith:2013:XM5YNGTMFGE6IZVMOSSXJRNNTW

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Overspend? Late? Failure? What the Data Say About IT Project Risk in the Public Sector

Alexander Budzier, Bent Flyvbjerg

arxiv:1304.4525 v3 · 2013-04-16 · q-fin.GN

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state What is a Pith Number?

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

1 paper in Pith

Why Network Segmentation Projects Fail

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T03:22:05.182270Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

bb3b869a6c2989e466ac74a574c5ad9dbeaea60d5c7dbe3682dd993d3eb3003b

Aliases

arxiv: 1304.4525 · arxiv_version: 1304.4525v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1304.4525 · pith_short_12: XM5YNGTMFGE6 · pith_short_16: XM5YNGTMFGE6IZVM · pith_short_8: XM5YNGTM

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/XM5YNGTMFGE6IZVMOSSXJRNNTW \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: bb3b869a6c2989e466ac74a574c5ad9dbeaea60d5c7dbe3682dd993d3eb3003b

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "917adc80209677699a87e67f7ab4b0d94b5f23b1c33a0485551d3b5bb355140c",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "q-fin.GN",
    "submitted_at": "2013-04-16T17:23:32Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "999e545f224dde3e8f1b3f0d2af2d022bfd21d8cdf4cc401e48a48509a56b9a4"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1304.4525",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}