Pith Number

pith:XSZ2EIQG

pith:2015:XSZ2EIQGCSHWHAJO4KFFAO5XGR

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Distinguishing Cause from Effect Based on Exogeneity

Bernhard Sch\"olkopf, Jiji Zhang, Kun Zhang

arxiv:1504.05651 v1 · 2015-04-22 · cs.AI · stat.ME

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{XSZ2EIQGCSHWHAJO4KFFAO5XGR}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T02:18:13.064567Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

bcb3a22206148f63812ee28a503bb734485c9b678347521470069c3f1d6ebb39

Aliases

arxiv: 1504.05651 · arxiv_version: 1504.05651v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1504.05651 · pith_short_12: XSZ2EIQGCSHW · pith_short_16: XSZ2EIQGCSHWHAJO · pith_short_8: XSZ2EIQG

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/XSZ2EIQGCSHWHAJO4KFFAO5XGR \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: bcb3a22206148f63812ee28a503bb734485c9b678347521470069c3f1d6ebb39

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "e5308d337a059616c280a2c0e1194738a9193002a611c8fa889afe0a1ec27ba0",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.ME"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.AI",
    "submitted_at": "2015-04-22T04:35:33Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "fbe0248694f65a0e0d87317956fcc487c97aa2395e3d76b7e0d7047c86d3fca1"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1504.05651",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}