Pith Number

pith:Y54LDKV5

pith:2026:Y54LDKV5CXYKD2WYKLVRH26RFH

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Imaging Interacting Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Electrons

Feng Wang, Hongyuan Li, Jianghan Xiao, Kenji Watanabe, Michael F. Crommie, Michael P. Zaletel, Steven G. Louie, Takashi Taniguchi, Tianle Wang, Woochang Kim, Zhihuan Dong, Ziyu Xiang

Anisotropic electrons in monolayer ReSe2 form an oblique Wigner lattice that melts one-dimensionally into a smectic phase as density rises.

arxiv:2605.12761 v1 · 2026-05-12 · cond-mat.str-el

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Claims

C1strongest claim

At low electron density, these electrons crystallize into an oblique Wigner lattice. As the density increases, quantum fluctuations grow more rapidly along the light-mass direction than along the heavy-mass direction, driving a one-dimensional melting of the crystal. The resulting state retains order along one direction but melts along the other, consistent with a smectic electron liquid crystal.

C2weakest assumption

That the observed STM patterns are unambiguously Wigner crystals and smectic phases rather than alternative charge-ordered states or imaging artifacts, and that density calibration accurately reflects the local electron density without significant inhomogeneity.

C3one line summary

Direct STM imaging reveals anisotropic electrons forming oblique Wigner crystals that undergo one-dimensional quantum melting in monolayer ReSe2.

References

40 extracted · 40 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] P. G. de Gennes, J. Prost, The Physics of Liquid Crystals (Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Second Edition, Second Edition., 1995)International Series of Monographs on Physics 1995

[2] Md. S. Hossain, M. K. Ma, K. A. Villegas-Rosales, Y. J. Chung, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West, K. W. Baldwin, M. Shayegan, Anisotropic Two-Dimensional Disordered Wigner Solid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 036601 2022

[3] X. Wan, R. N. Bhatt, Two-dimensional Wigner crystal in anisotropic semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B 65, 233209 (2002) 2002

[4] B. E. Feldman, M. T. Randeria, A. Gyenis, F. Wu, H. Ji, R. J. Cava, A. H. MacDonald, A. Yazdani, Observation of a nematic quantum Hall liquid on the surface of bismuth. Science 354, 316–321 (2016) 2016

[5] V. Calvera, S. A. Kivelson, E. Berg, Pseudo-spin order of Wigner crystals in multi-valley electron gases. Low Temp. Phys. 49, 679–700 (2023) 2023

Formal links

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Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T03:09:48.419288Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

c778b1aabd15f0a1ead852eb13ebd129e12f04bed03500f9cd17055e5b1f0ac0

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.12761 · arxiv_version: 2605.12761v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.12761 · pith_short_12: Y54LDKV5CXYK · pith_short_16: Y54LDKV5CXYKD2WY · pith_short_8: Y54LDKV5

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/Y54LDKV5CXYKD2WYKLVRH26RFH \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: c778b1aabd15f0a1ead852eb13ebd129e12f04bed03500f9cd17055e5b1f0ac0

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "6def19cd481f15ad411cb0a96bd6d6063b6da3cef1c5851303cfb3cd347105f5",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cond-mat.str-el",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-12T21:15:10Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "3a78fdb1876167b4a7181b82df1f5e6f041287748443e353e959942d1ebd1b8e"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.12761",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}