Pith Number

pith:Y7CUPAOY

pith:2022:Y7CUPAOYZK73PWSZSATEBFXQOG

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

An Improved Unconstrained Approach for Bilevel Optimization

Kim-Chuan Toh, Nachuan Xiao, Xiaoyin Hu, Xin Liu

arxiv:2208.00732 v2 · 2022-08-01 · math.OC

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{Y7CUPAOYZK73PWSZSATEBFXQOG}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T05:27:48.608192Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

c7c54781d8cabfb7da5990264096f07182a721b7b9a7abdf7464bbf2760fb448

Aliases

arxiv: 2208.00732 · arxiv_version: 2208.00732v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2208.00732 · pith_short_12: Y7CUPAOYZK73 · pith_short_16: Y7CUPAOYZK73PWSZ · pith_short_8: Y7CUPAOY

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/Y7CUPAOYZK73PWSZSATEBFXQOG \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: c7c54781d8cabfb7da5990264096f07182a721b7b9a7abdf7464bbf2760fb448

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "976b0f49eae3da2dbca7d4df923101c56b546610239730d11a6bee3793059a4d",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "math.OC",
    "submitted_at": "2022-08-01T10:35:53Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "13832da85ead47f66409d57949fe73a07d6ebdc31df0d109ba56b7bdb5acd6a2"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2208.00732",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}