Pith Number

pith:ZDIRMS4B

pith:2026:ZDIRMS4BXZBCCA6EJQLKOEWWBE

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Adaptive Cost-Efficient Evaluation for Reliable Patent Claim Generation

Longbing Cao, Qiongkai Xu, Yongmin Yoo

Hybrid system routes uncertain patent claims to LLMs via entropy, hitting 94.95% F1 at 78% lower cost.

arxiv:2604.04295 v3 · 2026-04-05 · cs.CL

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{ZDIRMS4BXZBCCA6EJQLKOEWWBE}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

On our constructed benchmark, ACE achieves the best F1 among the evaluated methods at 94.95% while reducing operational costs by 78% compared to standalone LLM deployments. Crucially, the entropy-based routing threshold transfers directly to authentic USPTO §112(b) rejections without re-calibration.

C2weakest assumption

Predictive entropy from the lightweight encoder reliably flags claims that require LLM-level review for long-range legal dependencies, and the CoPT protocol enables the LLM to resolve those dependencies effectively without additional fine-tuning or calibration.

C3one line summary

ACE achieves 94.95% F1 on patent claim validation by routing high-entropy cases to an LLM with CoPT reasoning, cutting costs 78% versus full LLM use, with the threshold transferring to real USPTO rejections.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-28T01:04:39.455898Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

c8d1164b81be422103c44c16a712d60933aa9c9345fd37dbcdffc5f1a6208c88

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.04295 · arxiv_version: 2604.04295v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.04295 · pith_short_12: ZDIRMS4BXZBC · pith_short_16: ZDIRMS4BXZBCCA6E · pith_short_8: ZDIRMS4B

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/ZDIRMS4BXZBCCA6EJQLKOEWWBE \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: c8d1164b81be422103c44c16a712d60933aa9c9345fd37dbcdffc5f1a6208c88

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "4e4dbcef878f88a1ca64609fbaa02b852f2349152dfd13fb31c431079b68920a",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-05T22:25:36Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "7d9d2c36963318dad2f7e0f3b4e804b290261f3a7be7769caa59273a44c889ff"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.04295",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}