Pith Number

pith:ZM2KCK7X

pith:2026:ZM2KCK7XOFZMFJ2XVBNDJGVLPP

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Juno Microwave Radiometer Observations Reveal A Warmer Polar Atmosphere on Jupiter

Alessandro Mura, Cheng Li, Eli Galanti, Fabiano A. Oyafuso, Glenn S. Orton, J. Hunter Waite, Jiheng Hu, Leigh N. Fletcher, Liming Li, Maria Smirnova, Michael H. Wong, Scott J. Bolton, Steven M. Levin, Sushil K. Atreya, Tristan Guillot, Yohai Kaspi, Yuan Lian, Zhimeng Zhang

Juno data indicate Jupiter's north pole is 6-7 K warmer than the equator at the 1-bar level.

arxiv:2605.15367 v1 · 2026-05-14 · astro-ph.EP

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{ZM2KCK7XOFZMFJ2XVBNDJGVLPP}

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Record completeness

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2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

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The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

the north pole is found to be 6-7 K warmer than the equator at the 1-bar level, although the inferred difference is close to the 1-sigma uncertainty level. If confirmed, this result would suggest an enhanced internal heat flux toward the poles, which is consistent with the more intense lightning activity observed at high latitudes.

C2weakest assumption

The brightness temperatures and limb-darkening spectra can be inverted to a 1-bar temperature difference using either a dry-adiabatic profile with depleted ammonia or a moist-adiabatic profile with uniform ammonia; the choice of profile directly affects whether a polar warming is inferred.

C3one line summary

Juno MWR observations from PJ51-PJ61 show Jupiter's north pole 6-7 K warmer than the equator at 1 bar with ammonia at 3x solar and water at 2.1x solar, similar to lower latitudes.

References

80 extracted · 80 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] Achterberg, R. K., Conrath, B. J., & Gierasch, P. J. 2006, Icarus, 182, 169, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.12.020 2006 · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.12.020

[2] 2017, Space Science Reviews, 213, 393, doi: 10.1007/s11214-014-0094-y 22 Figure B1 2017 · doi:10.1007/s11214-014-0094-y

[3] 2018, Nature, 555, 216, doi: 10.1038/nature25491 2018 · doi:10.1038/nature25491

[4] Aglyamov, Y. S., Atreya, S. K., Bhattacharya, A., et al. 2025, Icarus, 425, 116334, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116334 2025 · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116334

[5] J., N., Jacobson-Galán, W., et al 2009 · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:00:54.843152Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

cb34a12bf77172c2a757a85a349aab7bd71d285ffcd77049864f596ddf2892c4

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.15367 · arxiv_version: 2605.15367v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.15367 · pith_short_12: ZM2KCK7XOFZM · pith_short_16: ZM2KCK7XOFZMFJ2X · pith_short_8: ZM2KCK7X

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/ZM2KCK7XOFZMFJ2XVBNDJGVLPP \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: cb34a12bf77172c2a757a85a349aab7bd71d285ffcd77049864f596ddf2892c4

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "47cd7eb0d9c1932425095bbfa92ae9d4a0704b705099a6ffbc24272be6da0471",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.EP",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-14T19:45:50Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "8752da6e3b64be919405117a259580262da2f4a46b5de2042e4c9956858c0313"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.15367",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}