duhamelKernelIntegral
The declaration defines the Duhamel kernel integral operator that maps a time-dependent forcing trajectory in Fourier space to its integrated effect under the linear heat kernel. Analysts constructing continuum limits from 2D Galerkin approximations for Navier-Stokes would cite this when rewriting mild solutions. The definition is assembled directly as a modewise integral of heatFactor times the forcing value.
claimThe Duhamel kernel integral applied to a forcing trajectory $F : ℝ →$ (Fourier coefficient state) is the operator whose value at time $t$ and mode $k$ equals $-∫_0^t$ heatFactor$(ν, t-s, k) · F(s, k) ds$, where heatFactor$(ν, τ, k) = exp(-ν |k|^2 τ)$.
background
The ContinuumLimit2D module builds a Lean-checkable pipeline from finite-dimensional Galerkin states to an infinite Fourier coefficient state on the torus. FourierState2D is the type of all functions from modes to velocity coefficients, obtained by extending truncated states by zero outside the truncation window. heatFactor is the explicit multiplier exp(-ν kSq(k) t) that solves the linear Stokes/heat equation mode by mode.
proof idea
The definition is a direct one-line construction: for each t and k it returns the negative integral from 0 to t of heatFactor(ν, t-s, k) scaled by the forcing component F(s, k). No lemmas or tactics are applied; the body simply assembles the integral expression using the already-defined heatFactor.
why it matters in Recognition Science
This operator supplies the kernel form of the Duhamel remainder that appears in duhamelRemainderOfGalerkin_kernel and galerkin_duhamelKernel_identity, and it is the central ingredient in the identification constructors nsDuhamelCoeffBound_kernelIntegral and nsDuhamelCoeffBound_galerkinKernel. It completes the algebraic step from integrating-factor remainders to standard convolution form inside the M5 continuum-limit pipeline. The construction leaves open the replacement of the packaged dominated-convergence hypotheses by explicit bounds.
scope and limits
- Does not prove convergence of the integral or interchange of limit and integral.
- Does not impose any regularity or growth condition on the forcing trajectory F.
- Does not derive bounds on the size of the resulting state.
- Does not connect the integral to a specific PDE solution operator beyond the linear heat factor.
formal statement (Lean)
655noncomputable def duhamelKernelIntegral (ν : ℝ) (F : ℝ → FourierState2D) : ℝ → FourierState2D :=
proof body
Definition body.
656 fun t k => -∫ s in (0 : ℝ)..t, (heatFactor ν (t - s) k) • (F s k)
657
658/-- Hypothesis (at fixed `t,k`): the Duhamel-kernel integrands satisfy the assumptions of dominated
659convergence, so the corresponding interval integrals converge. -/
used by (12)
-
duhamelRemainderOfGalerkin_kernel -
galerkin_duhamelKernel_identity -
nsDuhamelCoeffBound_galerkinKernel -
nsDuhamelCoeffBound_galerkinKernel_of_forcing -
nsDuhamelCoeffBound_kernelIntegral -
nsDuhamelCoeffBound_kernelIntegral_of_forcing -
nsDuhamel_of_forall_kernelIntegral -
nsDuhamel_of_forall_kernelIntegral_of_forcing -
tendsto_duhamelKernelIntegral_of_dominated_convergence -
rs_implies_global_regularity_2d_nsDuhamelCoeffBound_galerkinKernel -
rs_implies_global_regularity_2d_nsDuhamelCoeffBound_galerkinKernel_of_forcing -
rs_implies_global_regularity_2d_nsDuhamelCoeffBound_galerkinKernel_of_forcingHyp