LLM yes-no bias on moral dilemmas is an order-plus-lexical surface artifact, not a moral shift; models have a nearly format-invariant graded stance that the standard binary readout confounds.
Expertise in moral reasoning? order effects on moral judgment in professional philosophers and non-philosophers.Mind & Language, 27(2): 135–153, 2012
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The yes-no bias of large language models reflects answer order and wording, not shifts in moral judgment
LLM yes-no bias on moral dilemmas is an order-plus-lexical surface artifact, not a moral shift; models have a nearly format-invariant graded stance that the standard binary readout confounds.