Gravitational redshift cannot be represented by any finite set of smooth frequency modes, and the corrected finite-mode description is a Gaussian quantum channel built from a unitary dilation of the non-unitary compression.
Gravitational redshift induces quantum interference
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abstract
We use quantum field theory in curved spacetime to show that gravitational redshift induces a unitary transformation on the quantum state of propagating photons. This occurs for realistic photons characterized by a finite bandwidth, while ideal photons with sharp frequencies do not transform unitarily. We find that the transformation is a mode-mixing operation, and we devise a protocol that exploits gravity to induce a Hong-Ou-Mandel-like interference effect on the state of two photons. Testing the results of this work can provide a demonstration of quantum field theory in curved spacetime.
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Gravitational redshift as a quantum channel: modeling the effects of gravitational redshift in quantum optics
Gravitational redshift cannot be represented by any finite set of smooth frequency modes, and the corrected finite-mode description is a Gaussian quantum channel built from a unitary dilation of the non-unitary compression.