X-Shooter survey of 127 Upper Scorpius disks finds no correlation between accretion rate and disk dust mass or gas radius, with increased dispersion versus younger regions suggesting inner-outer disk decoupling.
Wind-driven Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks. I: Suppression of the Magnetorotational Instability and Launching of the Magnetocentrifugal Wind
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abstract
We perform local, vertically stratified shearing-box MHD simulations of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) at a fiducial radius of 1 AU that take into account the effects of both Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion (AD). The magnetic diffusion coefficients are evaluated self-consistently from a look-up table based on equilibrium chemistry. We first show that the inclusion of AD dramatically changes the conventional picture of layered accretion. Without net vertical magnetic field, the system evolves into a toroidal field dominated configuration with extremely weak turbulence in the far-UV ionization layer that is far too inefficient to drive rapid accretion. In the presence of a weak net vertical field (plasma beta~10^5 at midplane), we find that the MRI is completely suppressed, resulting in a fully laminar flow throughout the vertical extent of the disk. A strong magnetocentrifugal wind is launched that efficiently carries away disk angular momentum and easily accounts for the observed accretion rate in PPDs. Moreover, under a physical disk wind geometry, all the accretion flow proceeds through a strong current layer with thickness of ~0.3H that is offset from disk midplane with radial velocity of up to 0.4 times the sound speed. Both Ohmic resistivity and AD are essential for the suppression of the MRI and wind launching. The efficiency of wind transport increases with increasing net vertical magnetic flux and the penetration depth of the FUV ionization. Our laminar wind solution has important implications on planet formation and global evolution of PPDs.
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2D radiation-hydrodynamical simulations find accretion outbursts unstable to Rossby-wave instability, forming vortices that suppress planetesimal formation until post-burst quiescence.
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X-Shooter survey of disk accretion in Upper Scorpius II. A lack of correlation between accretion rates and disk properties
X-Shooter survey of 127 Upper Scorpius disks finds no correlation between accretion rate and disk dust mass or gas radius, with increased dispersion versus younger regions suggesting inner-outer disk decoupling.
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Planet formation at the inner edge of the dead zone II. Outbursts, rings, vortices, and suppression of planetesimal formation
2D radiation-hydrodynamical simulations find accretion outbursts unstable to Rossby-wave instability, forming vortices that suppress planetesimal formation until post-burst quiescence.