A no-go theorem shows that negative effective mass squared for the vector field in vector-tensor gravity always accompanies ghost or gradient instabilities, blocking spontaneous vectorization in stationary axisymmetric black holes.
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In 4D spacetime, 3-form fields admit healthy time evolution under specific self-interactions while 2-form fields lose hyperbolicity with analogous terms.
A non-minimally coupled vector field reproduces Einstein cluster dynamics that account for flat galactic rotation curves.
citing papers explorer
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No-go theorem for spontaneous vectorization
A no-go theorem shows that negative effective mass squared for the vector field in vector-tensor gravity always accompanies ghost or gradient instabilities, blocking spontaneous vectorization in stationary axisymmetric black holes.
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Potentially healthy time evolution in interacting $p$-form fields
In 4D spacetime, 3-form fields admit healthy time evolution under specific self-interactions while 2-form fields lose hyperbolicity with analogous terms.
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Dark matter and modified gravity: Einstein clusters from a non-minimally coupled vector field
A non-minimally coupled vector field reproduces Einstein cluster dynamics that account for flat galactic rotation curves.