A leptonic jet model with stochastic turbulent acceleration predicts hard and soft X-ray Fourier lags plus a transition regime in HBLs, with STA and nonlinear SSC cooling amplifying lags and explaining trends with flare duration.
An evolutionary scenario for blazar unification
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abstract
Blazar subclasses ranging from flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) through low-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs) to high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) exhibit a sequence of increasing spectral hardness with decreasing luminosity that cannot be explained solely by orientation effects. Using an analytic model for the synchrotron, synchrotron-self-Compton, and Compton-scattered external radiation from blazar jets, we propose an evolutionary scenario that links these blazar subclasses in terms of a reduction of the black-hole accretion power with time. As the circumnuclear material accretes to fuel the central engine, less gas and dust is left to scatter accretion-disk radiation and produce an external Compton-scattered component in blazar spectra. This evolutionary trend produces the sequence FSRQ -> LBL -> HBL. Such a scenario may also link radio-loud AGNs with ultraluminous infrared galaxies and optical QSOs, if the latter constitute the high Eddington-ratio epoch of supermassive black hole growth, as suggested by the observed anti-correlation between radio and soft X-ray activity in some Galactic black-hole candidates.
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X-ray Fourier lag-frequency spectra modulated by stochastic turbulent acceleration in the jets of high-frequency-peaked BL Lac
A leptonic jet model with stochastic turbulent acceleration predicts hard and soft X-ray Fourier lags plus a transition regime in HBLs, with STA and nonlinear SSC cooling amplifying lags and explaining trends with flare duration.