An EFT with inflaton-dependent axion kinetic term organizes direct decay and annihilation production during reheating, yielding ΔN_eff contributions that scale as T_rh^{-2} and T_rh^{4/3} respectively and allowing a two-dimensional map of constraints on Wilson coefficients and reheating temperature.
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Freeze-in dark matter produced by kaons in low-reheating cosmologies requires larger couplings at lower reheating temperatures, directly linking the relic density to observable rates in rare kaon decay experiments.
Electroweak SU(2)_L doublet fermion dark matter with mass above 10^10 GeV (or 300 GeV if pseudo-Dirac) is produced by Boltzmann-suppressed freeze-in above the reheat temperature and evades direct detection while never thermalizing.
Freeze-in at low reheating temperatures allows MeV-scale dark matter in vector portal models to be probed by future direct detection experiments in nuclear recoils for 50-500 MeV masses and via enhanced solar neutrino coherent scattering.
Gravitational scalar production yields reheating-dependent constraints on dark matter scalars, with dilution preserving viability for k<4 low-temperature reheating and factorization in multi-stage cases.
Variations in pre-nucleosynthesis cosmology produce distinct seasons in the phase-space distribution of freeze-in dark matter, directly affecting its warmness and mass bounds.
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Seasons of Dark Matter Freeze-In Shaped by the Weather of the Early Universe
Variations in pre-nucleosynthesis cosmology produce distinct seasons in the phase-space distribution of freeze-in dark matter, directly affecting its warmness and mass bounds.