Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.
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Primordial black hole formation and abundance: contribution from the non-linear relation between the density and curvature perturbation
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abstract
The formation and abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) arising from the curvature perturbation $\zeta$ is studied. The non-linear relation between $\zeta$ and the density contrast $\delta$ means that, even when $\zeta$ has an exactly Gaussian distribution, significant non-Gaussianities affecting PBH formation must be considered. Numerical simulations are used to investigate the critical value and the mass of PBHs which form, and peaks theory is used to calculate the mass fraction of the universe collapsing to form PBHs at the time of formation. A formalism to calculate the total present day PBH abundance and mass function is also derived. It is found that the abundance of PBHs is very sensitive to the non-linear effects, and that the power spectrum $\mathcal{P}_\zeta$ must be a factor of $\sim2$ larger to produce the same number of PBHs as the linear model (where the exact value depends on the critical value for a region to collapse and form a PBH). This also means that the derived constraints on the small-scale power spectrum from constraints on the abundance of PBHs are weaker by the same factor.
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Shape dispersion around the average peak profile is a genuine statistical ingredient: rare deformed curvature profiles can dominate primordial black hole formation when the power spectrum is broad or non-Gaussianity is negative.
Incorporating the general-relativity mass tail df_PBH/d ln M ∝ M^3.78 smooths PBH evaporation, suppresses the scalar-induced GW signal by orders of magnitude, and reopens the ultra-light PBH window for the hot Big Bang.
Asteroid-mass primordial black holes induce a Riemann tidal splitting of the 2P_{3/2} hydrogen state, turning the 9.9 GHz line into a ~2 GHz bandwidth gravitational spectral radio forest in H II regions with accretion-enhanced emission measure.
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
Covariant analysis of curvature perturbations from first-order phase transitions reveals gauge-dependent overestimation of primordial black holes and gravitational waves in prior non-covariant calculations, leading to strong suppression of both signals.
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
PBHs generated by axion inflation with gauge-field coupling can comprise all dark matter in the asteroidal mass range while producing a LISA-measurable stochastic GW background.
For tachyonic models with ζ=A(φ²−σ²), the PBH abundance is exponentially set by the correlation ρ between field and radial gradient; narrow spectra drive ρ→−1 and suppress PBH formation without killing the induced GW signal.
Thermal bath corrections derived via thermofield dynamics enhance the evaporation rate of primordial black holes, shortening their lifetimes relative to zero-temperature calculations.
For monochromatic primordial black holes, the low-frequency scalar-induced gravitational-wave peak and the high-frequency binary-merger ISCO frequency are linked by fISCO ≈ 3.4×10^20 Hz × (fSIGW/Hz)^2.
A review that unifies analytical expressions for scalar-induced gravitational waves and emphasizes calculations for non-radiation-dominated cosmologies.
citing papers explorer
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Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component
Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.
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The statistics of curvature-profile dispersion in primordial black hole formation
Shape dispersion around the average peak profile is a genuine statistical ingredient: rare deformed curvature profiles can dominate primordial black hole formation when the power spectrum is broad or non-Gaussianity is negative.
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Opening the Window of Ultra-Light PBHs by Exorcising the Poltergeist
Incorporating the general-relativity mass tail df_PBH/d ln M ∝ M^3.78 smooths PBH evaporation, suppresses the scalar-induced GW signal by orders of magnitude, and reopens the ultra-light PBH window for the hot Big Bang.
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The Gravitational Spectral Radio Forest: A Signature of Primordial Black Holes
Asteroid-mass primordial black holes induce a Riemann tidal splitting of the 2P_{3/2} hydrogen state, turning the 9.9 GHz line into a ~2 GHz bandwidth gravitational spectral radio forest in H II regions with accretion-enhanced emission measure.
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Asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter from Supersymmetry
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
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Curvature Perturbations from First-Order Phase Transitions: Implications to Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
Covariant analysis of curvature perturbations from first-order phase transitions reveals gauge-dependent overestimation of primordial black holes and gravitational waves in prior non-covariant calculations, leading to strong suppression of both signals.
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
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Primordial black hole dark matter from axion inflation
PBHs generated by axion inflation with gauge-field coupling can comprise all dark matter in the asteroidal mass range while producing a LISA-measurable stochastic GW background.
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Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
For tachyonic models with ζ=A(φ²−σ²), the PBH abundance is exponentially set by the correlation ρ between field and radial gradient; narrow spectra drive ρ→−1 and suppress PBH formation without killing the induced GW signal.
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Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes in a Thermal Universe: A Thermofield Dynamics Approach
Thermal bath corrections derived via thermofield dynamics enhance the evaporation rate of primordial black holes, shortening their lifetimes relative to zero-temperature calculations.
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Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes: Connecting Low-Frequency Scalar-Induced Signatures to High-Frequency Binary Mergers
For monochromatic primordial black holes, the low-frequency scalar-induced gravitational-wave peak and the high-frequency binary-merger ISCO frequency are linked by fISCO ≈ 3.4×10^20 Hz × (fSIGW/Hz)^2.
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Scalar induced gravitational waves review
A review that unifies analytical expressions for scalar-induced gravitational waves and emphasizes calculations for non-radiation-dominated cosmologies.
- Primordial Black Holes: A Review of Formation and Evolution