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Temperature, Mass and Turbulence: A Spatially Resolved Multi-Band Non-LTE Analysis of CS in TW~Hya

3 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 100 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.

3 Pith papers citing it
100 external citations · Pith
abstract

Observations of multiple rotational transitions from a single molecule allow for unparalleled constraints on the physical conditions of the emitting region. We present an analysis of CS in TW~Hya using the $J=7-6$, $5-4$ and $3-2$ transitions imaged at $\sim 0.5^{\prime\prime}$ spatial resolution, resulting in a temperature and column density profile of the CS emission region extending out to 230~au, far beyond previous measurements. In addition, the 15~kHz resolution of the observations and the ability to directly estimate the temperature of the CS emitting gas, allow for one of the most sensitive searches for turbulent broadening in a disk to date. Limits of $v_{\rm turb} \lesssim 0.1 c_s$ can be placed across the entire radius of the disk. We are able to place strict limits of the local H$_2$ density due to the collisional excitations of the observed transitions. From these we find that a minimum disk mass of $3 \times 10^{-4}~M_{\rm sun}$ is required to be consistent with the CS excitation conditions and can uniquely constrain the gas surface density profile in the outer disk.

years

2026 3

representative citing papers

Ionized gas emission in protoplanetary disks with the SKAO

astro-ph.SR · 2026-07-08 · conditional · novelty 4.0

Synthetic SKA-Mid observations of simulated MHD and photoevaporative disk winds show that free-free emission is detectable in hours and stacked hydrogen recombination lines are spectrally resolvable in ~10 hours.

Substructures in Planet-Forming Disks with the SKAO

astro-ph.EP · 2026-06-24 · unverdicted · novelty 2.0 · 2 refs

This review chapter discusses open questions on protoplanetary disk substructures and how SKA-Mid continuum observations at 12.5 GHz can help resolve them.

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