Lattice QCD pseudo-distributions at m_π=358 MeV are inverted via multidimensional Gaussian process regression to reconstruct the full kinematic dependence of GPDs H^{u-d} and E^{u-d} while directly extracting double distributions.
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Forces inside hadrons: pressure, surface tension, mechanical radius, and all that
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abstract
The physics related to the form factors of the energy momentum tensor spans a wide spectrum of problems, and includes gravitational physics, hard exclusive reactions, hadronic decays of heavy quarkonia, and the physics of exotic hadrons described as hadroquarkonia. It also provides access to the "last global unknown property:" the D-term. We review the physics associated with the form factors of the energy-momentum tensor and the D-term, their interpretations in terms of mechanical properties, their applications, and the current experimental status.
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UNVERDICTED 15representative citing papers
In gauge-free quark models, quasi-PDFs converge to PDFs with proven sum rules, and the Covariant Parton Model supplies closed-form small-x results that match a Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the quark energy-momentum tensor form factor.
D-term of nuclei exhibits kinks at magic neutron numbers, showing strong sensitivity of mechanical properties to shell structure.
A group-theoretic construction yields complete form factor bases for scalar, vector, and tensor operators on spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, with new P and T structures for higher spins and identification of a redundant conserved structure for spin-2 in existing literature.
Derives relativistic spatial distributions of transverse orbital angular momentum, intrinsic spin, and total angular momentum in the transverse plane for spin-0 and spin-1/2 targets via quantum phase-space formalism and verifies the transverse spin sum rule.
Relativistic EMT distributions in polarized nucleons recover good and bad light-front components in the IMF after including polarization effects.
The quantum phase-space formalism derives transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons and reproduces standard light-front distributions including bad components in the infinite-momentum frame.
Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.
Gravitational form factors of pion and kaon are computed in BLFQ; A(Q^2) agrees with lattice QCD while D(Q^2) is enhanced at low Q^2 due to small-x and zero-mode sensitivity in the truncated model.
In light-front holographic QCD the nucleon gravitational form factor B_N(t) vanishes exactly in the symmetric limit due to an antisymmetric longitudinal factor and remains strongly suppressed for realistic nucleon wave functions, explaining its observed smallness.
Lattice fits to gluon gravitational form factors support the sigma meson as dilaton with new predictions for rho and delta, reinforcing evidence for scale symmetry in low-energy QCD.
A neural network trained solely on integral observables from a known GPD model recovers the main features of the underlying distributions in a closure test.
In the bag model, GTMD calculations are consistent, orbital angular momentum is tied to F_{1,4}^q through the Ji sum rule, and a deeper link to pretzelosity TMD is established.
The bag model in the large-N_c limit produces theoretically consistent EMT form factors and densities for the nucleon that satisfy general requirements.
A hadronic approach based on dispersion relations and meson dominance achieves a successful description of lattice QCD data for gravitational form factors of pions and nucleons.
citing papers explorer
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Reconstructing the full kinematic dependence of GPDs from pseudo-distributions
Lattice QCD pseudo-distributions at m_π=358 MeV are inverted via multidimensional Gaussian process regression to reconstruct the full kinematic dependence of GPDs H^{u-d} and E^{u-d} while directly extracting double distributions.
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Quasi Parton Distribution Functions in Covariant Quark Models
In gauge-free quark models, quasi-PDFs converge to PDFs with proven sum rules, and the Covariant Parton Model supplies closed-form small-x results that match a Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the quark energy-momentum tensor form factor.
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Mass radius and D-term of atomic nuclei in relativistic mean field theory
D-term of nuclei exhibits kinks at magic neutron numbers, showing strong sensitivity of mechanical properties to shell structure.
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Covariant Construction of Generalized Form Factors
A group-theoretic construction yields complete form factor bases for scalar, vector, and tensor operators on spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, with new P and T structures for higher spins and identification of a redundant conserved structure for spin-2 in existing literature.
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Mapping the transverse spin sum rule in position space
Derives relativistic spatial distributions of transverse orbital angular momentum, intrinsic spin, and total angular momentum in the transverse plane for spin-0 and spin-1/2 targets via quantum phase-space formalism and verifies the transverse spin sum rule.
-
Relativistic energy-momentum tensor distributions in a polarized nucleon
Relativistic EMT distributions in polarized nucleons recover good and bad light-front components in the IMF after including polarization effects.
-
Transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons
The quantum phase-space formalism derives transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons and reproduces standard light-front distributions including bad components in the infinite-momentum frame.
-
Gravitational transverse momentum distribution of proton
Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.
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Gravitational form factors of light mesons from Basis Light-Front Quantization
Gravitational form factors of pion and kaon are computed in BLFQ; A(Q^2) agrees with lattice QCD while D(Q^2) is enhanced at low Q^2 due to small-x and zero-mode sensitivity in the truncated model.
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Origin of the nucleon gravitational form factor $B_N(t)$: Exposition in light-front holographic QCD
In light-front holographic QCD the nucleon gravitational form factor B_N(t) vanishes exactly in the symmetric limit due to an antisymmetric longitudinal factor and remains strongly suppressed for realistic nucleon wave functions, explaining its observed smallness.
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Gluon Gravitational $ D$-Form Factor: The $\sigma$-Meson as a Dilaton Confronted with Lattice Data II
Lattice fits to gluon gravitational form factors support the sigma meson as dilaton with new predictions for rho and delta, reinforcing evidence for scale symmetry in low-energy QCD.
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Neural Network Representation of Generalized Parton Distributions (NNGPD)
A neural network trained solely on integral observables from a known GPD model recovers the main features of the underlying distributions in a closure test.
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GTMDs, orbital angular momentum, and pretzelosity
In the bag model, GTMD calculations are consistent, orbital angular momentum is tied to F_{1,4}^q through the Ji sum rule, and a deeper link to pretzelosity TMD is established.
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Energy-momentum tensor densities in the bag model
The bag model in the large-N_c limit produces theoretically consistent EMT form factors and densities for the nucleon that satisfy general requirements.
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Particle seismology: mechanical and gravitational properties from parton-hadron duality
A hadronic approach based on dispersion relations and meson dominance achieves a successful description of lattice QCD data for gravitational form factors of pions and nucleons.