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background 2 method 1

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fields

gr-qc 4

years

2026 4

verdicts

UNVERDICTED 4

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Boundary-only weak deflection angles from isothermal optical geometry

gr-qc · 2026-01-11 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

A conformal isothermal reformulation of optical geometry converts the Gauss-Bonnet area term for weak deflection into boundary integrals evaluated on a flat reference ray, reproducing known finite-distance results for Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström, and Kottler spacetimes.

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