Dynamical dark energy imprints O(1) shifts on black hole quasi-normal modes via cosmological hair, enabling constraints at 10^{-2} (LVK) to 10^{-4} (LISA) precision using the cubic Galileon as example.
Gravitational Rainbows: LIGO and Dark Energy at its Cutoff
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abstract
The recent direct detection of a neutron star merger with optical counterpart has been used to severely constrain models of dark energy that typically predict a modification of the speed of gravitational waves. We point out that the energy scales observed at LIGO, and the particular frequency of the neutron star event, lie very close to the strong coupling scale or cutoff associated with many dark energy models. While it is true that at very low energies one expects gravitational waves to travel at a speed different than light in these models, the same is no longer necessarily true as one reaches energy scales close to the cutoff. We show explicitly how this occurs in a simple model with a known partial UV completion. Within the context of Horndeski, we show how the operators that naturally lie at the cutoff scale can affect the speed of propagation of gravitational waves and bring it back to unity at those scales. We discuss how further missions including LISA and PTAs could play an essential role in testing such models.
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A minimal open EFT for late-time acceleration fits BAO observations without NEC violations and predicts dissipative suppression of GW luminosity distance, modified Bardeen potentials with gravitational slip, and enhanced low-z structure formation.
Requiring stealth Schwarzschild and de Sitter solutions in quadratic/cubic scalar-tensor theories eliminates odd-parity deviations from GR when all solutions are required, while allowing some deviations and non-trivial GW speeds in less restrictive cases.
A master screening equation is derived for luminal Horndeski gravity that recovers Vainshtein and Chameleon mechanisms and introduces Phaedrus screening with screening radius scaling linearly with source mass.
In dRGT massive gravity, the helicity-2 modes propagate on the metric lightcone in the high-frequency limit for arbitrary backgrounds.
Adding DESI DR1 RSD, DES Y3 3x2pt, and ISW cross-correlations to CMB+BAO+SNe improves FoM for EFTofDE parameters {cB, cM} by 2.69x and for {mu(z), Sigma(z)} by 3.37x, with 2.9 sigma deviation from LambdaCDM similar to w0waCDM.
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Phenomenology of an Open Effective Field Theory of Dark Energy
A minimal open EFT for late-time acceleration fits BAO observations without NEC violations and predicts dissipative suppression of GW luminosity distance, modified Bardeen potentials with gravitational slip, and enhanced low-z structure formation.
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Constraining dark energy with complementary probes of large-scale structure
Adding DESI DR1 RSD, DES Y3 3x2pt, and ISW cross-correlations to CMB+BAO+SNe improves FoM for EFTofDE parameters {cB, cM} by 2.69x and for {mu(z), Sigma(z)} by 3.37x, with 2.9 sigma deviation from LambdaCDM similar to w0waCDM.