Classical shadow tomography can estimate K off-diagonal density matrix elements with O(log K / epsilon^2) samples, a logarithmic improvement over traditional direct measurement protocols.
• UO,2: The relative phase differs from that of |ϕ⟩, leading to cancellation of cross terms and uniform projection: tr(OPjk ) = 1 2n , ⇒ tr(O0Pjk ) = 0
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Direct reconstruction of the quantum density matrix elements with classical shadow tomography
Classical shadow tomography can estimate K off-diagonal density matrix elements with O(log K / epsilon^2) samples, a logarithmic improvement over traditional direct measurement protocols.