ActionMap introduces a voxel heatmap action head for VLA models that improves policy learning by exploiting geometric structure in the action space.
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Bridgevla: Input-output alignment for efficient 3d manipulation learning with vision-language models
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RotVLA models latent actions as continuous SO(n) rotations with triplet-frame supervision and flow-matching to reach 98.2% success on LIBERO and 89.6%/88.5% on RoboTwin2.0 using a 1.7B-parameter model.
THOM is a training-free two-stage framework that generates physically plausible hand-object 3D meshes directly from text by combining text-guided Gaussians with contact-aware physics optimization and VLM refinement.
E-TTS introduces a plug-and-play test-time scaling method for embodied tasks that unifies reasoning-action sampling with history buffers and closed-loop refinement to improve performance on manipulation benchmarks.
Sparse retry keypoints plus pairwise preference learning yield mistake-sensitive values that reweight mixed-quality demos and raise real-robot imitation success over progress-based baselines.
VeriSpace is a 3D-aware action verifier that improves test-time action selection in VLA models by encoding scenes with visual and geometric information and reasoning over spatial relations and goal progress.
AffordanceVLA proposes a VLA model with affordance-aware modules (Which2Act, Where2Act, How2Act) in a Mixture-of-Transformer trained in three stages to improve robotic manipulation.
ERVLA trains on a 978k-trajectory embodied CoT corpus using reasoning as supervision with dropout, then predicts actions without CoT at test time, reaching 86.9% on LIBERO-Plus and 53.2% on VLABench.
ELAN4D introduces plug-and-play 4D keypoint track supervision from forward kinematics to enhance VLA policy generalization in robotic manipulation tasks.
SID achieves approximately 90% success on six real-world manipulation tasks with only two demonstrations under out-of-distribution initializations, with less than 10% performance drop under distractors and disturbances.
GuidedVLA improves VLA generalization by supervising individual attention heads with manually defined auxiliary signals for three task-relevant factors.
By inverting a frozen flow-matching robot policy with fixed-point iteration, UniSteer converts human corrections into noise-space supervision and lifts real-world VLA adaptation success from 20% to 90% in about 66 minutes on average.
ConsisVLA-4D adds cross-view semantic alignment, cross-object geometric fusion, and cross-scene dynamic reasoning to VLA models, delivering 21.6% and 41.5% gains plus 2.3x and 2.4x speedups on LIBERO and real-world tasks.
X-WAM unifies robotic action execution and 4D world synthesis by adapting video diffusion priors with a lightweight depth branch and asynchronous noise sampling, achieving 79-91% success on robot benchmarks.
AsyncVLA adds asynchronous flow matching and a confidence rater to VLA models so they can generate actions on flexible schedules and selectively refine low-confidence tokens before execution.
Multi-bank similarity-merged event memory plus progress supervision raises long-horizon WAM success from 28.4% to 69.8% on RMBench and full-task success from 52.5% to 80% on real Franka tasks.
GeoAlign post-trains an RGB geometry branch on robot RGB-D data to produce GEP features that are queried by proprioceptive state to generate phase-dependent geometry tokens, yielding 99.0% on LIBERO, 85.3% on SimplerEnv-Fractal, and 78.8% on real ALOHA tasks.
PointACT proposes a 3D-aware dual-system VLA policy using multi-scale point-action interaction with bottleneck window self-attention, achieving 10% higher success rates on RLBench-10Tasks over prior pretrained VLAs.
A transformer 3D encoder plus diffusion decoder architecture, with 3D-specific augmentations, outperforms prior 3D policy methods on manipulation benchmarks by improving training stability.
AnySlot decouples language slot selection from control via an explicit visual goal marker and reports large zero-shot gains on SlotBench, but the provided body text does not match the abstract.
GeoPredict improves VLA manipulation accuracy by adding predictive kinematic trajectories and 3D Gaussian workspace geometry as training-time depth-rendering supervision.
This survey organizes large VLM-based VLA models for robotic manipulation into monolithic and hierarchical paradigms, reviews their integrations and datasets, and outlines future directions.
MemoryWAM is a world action model with a hybrid memory design using recent frames, anchor frames, and gist tokens for efficient long-horizon robotic manipulation.
citing papers explorer
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ActionMap: Robot Policy Learning via Voxel Action Heatmap
ActionMap introduces a voxel heatmap action head for VLA models that improves policy learning by exploiting geometric structure in the action space.
-
RotVLA: Rotational Latent Action for Vision-Language-Action Model
RotVLA models latent actions as continuous SO(n) rotations with triplet-frame supervision and flow-matching to reach 98.2% success on LIBERO and 89.6%/88.5% on RoboTwin2.0 using a 1.7B-parameter model.
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THOM: Generating Physically Plausible Hand-Object Meshes From Text
THOM is a training-free two-stage framework that generates physically plausible hand-object 3D meshes directly from text by combining text-guided Gaussians with contact-aware physics optimization and VLM refinement.
-
E-TTS: A New Embodied Test-Time Scaling Framework for Robotic Manipulation
E-TTS introduces a plug-and-play test-time scaling method for embodied tasks that unifies reasoning-action sampling with history buffers and closed-loop refinement to improve performance on manipulation benchmarks.
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Beyond Monotonic Progress: Retry-Supervised Value Learning for Robot Imitation
Sparse retry keypoints plus pairwise preference learning yield mistake-sensitive values that reweight mixed-quality demos and raise real-robot imitation success over progress-based baselines.
-
VeriSpace: Spatially Grounded Action Verification for Vision-Language-Action Models
VeriSpace is a 3D-aware action verifier that improves test-time action selection in VLA models by encoding scenes with visual and geometric information and reasoning over spatial relations and goal progress.
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AffordanceVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model Empowering Action Generation through Affordance-Aware Understanding
AffordanceVLA proposes a VLA model with affordance-aware modules (Which2Act, Where2Act, How2Act) in a Mixture-of-Transformer trained in three stages to improve robotic manipulation.
-
Revisiting Embodied Chain-of-Thought for Generalizable Robot Manipulation
ERVLA trains on a 978k-trajectory embodied CoT corpus using reasoning as supervision with dropout, then predicts actions without CoT at test time, reaching 86.9% on LIBERO-Plus and 53.2% on VLABench.
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ELAN4D: Embodiment-Centric 4D Supervision for Vision-Language-Action Models via Plug-and-Play Adaptation
ELAN4D introduces plug-and-play 4D keypoint track supervision from forward kinematics to enhance VLA policy generalization in robotic manipulation tasks.
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SID: Sliding into Distribution for Robust Few-Demonstration Manipulation
SID achieves approximately 90% success on six real-world manipulation tasks with only two demonstrations under out-of-distribution initializations, with less than 10% performance drop under distractors and disturbances.
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GuidedVLA: Specifying Task-Relevant Factors via Plug-and-Play Action Attention Specialization
GuidedVLA improves VLA generalization by supervising individual attention heads with manually defined auxiliary signals for three task-relevant factors.
-
UniSteer: Unified Noise Steering for Efficient Human-Guided VLA Adaptation
By inverting a frozen flow-matching robot policy with fixed-point iteration, UniSteer converts human corrections into noise-space supervision and lifts real-world VLA adaptation success from 20% to 90% in about 66 minutes on average.
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ConsisVLA-4D: Advancing Spatiotemporal Consistency in Efficient 3D-Perception and 4D-Reasoning for Robotic Manipulation
ConsisVLA-4D adds cross-view semantic alignment, cross-object geometric fusion, and cross-scene dynamic reasoning to VLA models, delivering 21.6% and 41.5% gains plus 2.3x and 2.4x speedups on LIBERO and real-world tasks.
-
Unified 4D World Action Modeling from Video Priors with Asynchronous Denoising
X-WAM unifies robotic action execution and 4D world synthesis by adapting video diffusion priors with a lightweight depth branch and asynchronous noise sampling, achieving 79-91% success on robot benchmarks.
-
AsyncVLA: Asynchronous Flow Matching for Vision-Language-Action Models
AsyncVLA adds asynchronous flow matching and a confidence rater to VLA models so they can generate actions on flexible schedules and selectively refine low-confidence tokens before execution.
-
DIM-WAM: World-Action Modeling with Diverse Historical Event Memory
Multi-bank similarity-merged event memory plus progress supervision raises long-horizon WAM success from 28.4% to 69.8% on RMBench and full-task success from 52.5% to 80% on real Franka tasks.
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GeoAlign: Beyond Semantics with State-Guided Spatial Alignment in VLA Models
GeoAlign post-trains an RGB geometry branch on robot RGB-D data to produce GEP features that are queried by proprioceptive state to generate phase-dependent geometry tokens, yielding 99.0% on LIBERO, 85.3% on SimplerEnv-Fractal, and 78.8% on real ALOHA tasks.
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PointACT: Vision-Language-Action Models with Multi-Scale Point-Action Interaction
PointACT proposes a 3D-aware dual-system VLA policy using multi-scale point-action interaction with bottleneck window self-attention, achieving 10% higher success rates on RLBench-10Tasks over prior pretrained VLAs.
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R3D: Revisiting 3D Policy Learning
A transformer 3D encoder plus diffusion decoder architecture, with 3D-specific augmentations, outperforms prior 3D policy methods on manipulation benchmarks by improving training stability.
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AnySlot: Goal-Conditioned Vision-Language-Action Policies for Zero-Shot Slot-Level Placement
AnySlot decouples language slot selection from control via an explicit visual goal marker and reports large zero-shot gains on SlotBench, but the provided body text does not match the abstract.
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GeoPredict: Leveraging Predictive Kinematics and 3D Gaussian Geometry for Precise VLA Manipulation
GeoPredict improves VLA manipulation accuracy by adding predictive kinematic trajectories and 3D Gaussian workspace geometry as training-time depth-rendering supervision.
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Large VLM-based Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation: A Survey
This survey organizes large VLM-based VLA models for robotic manipulation into monolithic and hierarchical paradigms, reviews their integrations and datasets, and outlines future directions.
-
MemoryWAM: Efficient World Action Modeling with Persistent Memory
MemoryWAM is a world action model with a hybrid memory design using recent frames, anchor frames, and gist tokens for efficient long-horizon robotic manipulation.
- SpatialVAM:Spatial-Aware Multi-View Video Diffusion as a Data-Efficient Robot Policy