V-formation angle controls drag reduction in cylinder groups, reaching 80% for interior members at small angles but limited to the leader above 50 degrees.
Sumner, Two circular cylinders in cross-flow: A review, Journal of fluids and structures26, 849 (2010)
2 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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PIV experiments on 5-cylinder V-formations show up to 80% drag reduction for interior members, with formation angle controlling the trade-off between individual and group drag performance.
citing papers explorer
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Impact of the formation angle on the drag of bio-inspired $\pmb \vee$-formations
V-formation angle controls drag reduction in cylinder groups, reaching 80% for interior members at small angles but limited to the leader above 50 degrees.