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Perturbations of spacetime: gauge transformations and gauge invariance at second order and beyond

5 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

5 Pith papers citing it
abstract

We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results concerning the Taylor expansion of tensor fields under the action of one-parameter families (not necessarily groups) of diffeomorphisms. Second, we define gauge invariance to an arbitrary order $n$. Finally, we give a generating formula for the gauge transformation to an arbitrary order and explicit rules to second and third order. This formalism can be used in any field of applied general relativity, such as cosmological and black hole perturbations, as well as in other spacetime theories. As a specific example, we consider here second order perturbations in cosmology, assuming a flat Robertson-Walker background, giving explicit second order transformations between the synchronous and the Poisson (generalized longitudinal) gauges.

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Nonlinear Relativistic Effects on Cosmological Redshift Drift

astro-ph.CO · 2026-04-29 · unverdicted · novelty 8.0

Second-order relativistic effects on redshift drift are computed, showing distortions appear only at this order with enhanced nonlinear bispectrum contributions at low redshift and large momenta.

Quasi-Normal Modes of Stars and Black Holes

gr-qc · 1999-09-20 · unverdicted · novelty 2.0

A review summarizing the properties, calculation methods, and astrophysical relevance of quasi-normal modes for Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström, Kerr, Kerr-Newman black holes and non-rotating or slowly-rotating stars.

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Showing 3 of 3 citing papers after filters.

  • Nonlinear Relativistic Effects on Cosmological Redshift Drift astro-ph.CO · 2026-04-29 · unverdicted · none · ref 13

    Second-order relativistic effects on redshift drift are computed, showing distortions appear only at this order with enhanced nonlinear bispectrum contributions at low redshift and large momenta.

  • Probing non-Gaussianity during reheating with SIGW in the LISA band astro-ph.CO · 2026-04-09 · unverdicted · none · ref 13

    Non-standard reheating imprints detectable features on SIGW spectra via non-Gaussianity, with dynamics that can suppress or boost the signal amplitude for LISA.

  • Quasi-Normal Modes of Stars and Black Holes gr-qc · 1999-09-20 · unverdicted · none · ref 50

    A review summarizing the properties, calculation methods, and astrophysical relevance of quasi-normal modes for Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström, Kerr, Kerr-Newman black holes and non-rotating or slowly-rotating stars.