Periodic and soft target updates guarantee convergence in linear Q-learning to the exact projected Q-Bellman solution under spectral and step-size conditions via joint spectral radius analysis of switched linear systems.
A Switching System Theory of Q-Learning with Linear Function Approximation
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abstract
This paper develops a switching-system interpretation of Q-learning with linear function approximation (LFA) based on the joint spectral radius (JSR). We derive an exact linear switched model for the mean dynamics and relate convergence to stability of the corresponding switched system. The same construction is then used for stochastic linear Q-learning with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) observations and with Markovian observations. Although exact JSR computation is difficult in general, the certificate captures products of switching modes and can be less conservative than one-step norm bounds. The framework also yields a JSR-based view of regularized Q-learning with LFA. The resulting analysis connects projected Bellman equations, finite-difference stochastic-policy switching, and switched-system stability in a single parameter-space formulation.
years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
Introduces and analyzes the λ-target update for linear Q-learning via geometric averaging of periodic target maps, studied with a switching-system model in the deterministic case.
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Target Updates May Stabilize Linear Q-Learning: Periodic and Soft Dynamics
Periodic and soft target updates guarantee convergence in linear Q-learning to the exact projected Q-Bellman solution under spectral and step-size conditions via joint spectral radius analysis of switched linear systems.
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Geometrically Averaged Hard Target Updates for Linear Q-Learning
Introduces and analyzes the λ-target update for linear Q-learning via geometric averaging of periodic target maps, studied with a switching-system model in the deterministic case.