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Agentrxiv: Towards collaborative autonomous research

Canonical reference. 83% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.

24 Pith papers citing it
Background 83% of classified citations
abstract

Progress in scientific discovery is rarely the result of a single "Eureka" moment, but is rather the product of hundreds of scientists incrementally working together toward a common goal. While existing agent workflows are capable of producing research autonomously, they do so in isolation, without the ability to continuously improve upon prior research results. To address these challenges, we introduce AgentRxiv-a framework that lets LLM agent laboratories upload and retrieve reports from a shared preprint server in order to collaborate, share insights, and iteratively build on each other's research. We task agent laboratories to develop new reasoning and prompting techniques and find that agents with access to their prior research achieve higher performance improvements compared to agents operating in isolation (11.4% relative improvement over baseline on MATH-500). We find that the best performing strategy generalizes to benchmarks in other domains (improving on average by 3.3%). Multiple agent laboratories sharing research through AgentRxiv are able to work together towards a common goal, progressing more rapidly than isolated laboratories, achieving higher overall accuracy (13.7% relative improvement over baseline on MATH-500). These findings suggest that autonomous agents may play a role in designing future AI systems alongside humans. We hope that AgentRxiv allows agents to collaborate toward research goals and enables researchers to accelerate discovery.

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2026 21 2025 3

representative citing papers

Agentic Neural Architecture Search

cs.AI · 2026-07-08 · conditional · novelty 7.0 · 2 refs

An LLM seeds and slots a task-specific architecture search space that conventional NAS then explores, reaching SOTA on 11 of 17 diverse NAS benchmarks.

AICID: Unique Identifiers for AI Scientists

cs.DL · 2026-06-27 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

The paper proposes AICID as a new identifier system to make the provenance of AI-generated scholarly work transparent and machine-readable.

Knows: Agent-Native Structured Research Representations

cs.AI · 2026-04-19 · conditional · novelty 7.0

Knows uses a YAML sidecar specification to provide structured, agent-consumable representations of research papers, yielding large accuracy gains for small LLMs on comprehension tasks and rapid community adoption via a public hub.

Toward Generalist Autonomous Research via Hypothesis-Tree Refinement

cs.CL · 2026-06-10 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

Arbor combines a coordinator, executors, and a hypothesis tree to enable cumulative autonomous research, outperforming Codex and Claude Code by over 2.5x on six real tasks and reaching 86.36% Any Medal on MLE-Bench Lite.

Signal-Driven Observation for Long-Horizon Web Agents

cs.CL · 2026-06-04 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

Signal-Driven Observation decouples observation from action frequency in long-horizon web agents by invoking selective task-relevant DOM reads only on signals such as URL changes or action failures.

How Far Are We From True Auto-Research?

cs.AI · 2026-05-18 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

ResearchArena shows that agent-generated papers fail top-tier acceptance standards primarily due to fabricated results, underpowered experiments, and plan-execution mismatches that vary sharply by agent.

pAI/MSc: ML Theory Research with Humans on the Loop

cs.AI · 2026-04-22 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

pAI/MSc is a customizable multi-agent system that reduces human steering by orders of magnitude when turning a hypothesis into a literature-grounded, mathematically established, experimentally supported manuscript draft in ML theory.

AI for Auto-Research: Roadmap & User Guide

cs.AI · 2026-05-18 · conditional · novelty 4.0

AI can generate research artifacts faster than it can verify them, so across all eight lifecycle stages the credible deployment mode is human-governed collaboration rather than full autonomy.

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