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BridgeSim: Unveiling the OL-CL Gap in End-to-End Autonomous Driving

6 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

6 Pith papers citing it
abstract

Open-loop (OL) to closed-loop (CL) gap (OL-CL gap) exists when OL-pretrained policies scoring high in OL evaluations fail to transfer effectively in closed-loop (CL) deployment. In this paper, we unveil the root causes of this systemic failure and propose a practical remedy. Specifically, we demonstrate that OL policies suffer from Observational Domain Shift and Objective Mismatch. We show that while the former is largely recoverable with adaptation techniques, the latter creates a structural inability to model complex reactive behaviors, which forms the primary OL-CL gap. We find that a wide range of OL policies learn a biased Q-value estimator that neglects both the reactive nature of CL simulations and the temporal awareness needed to reduce compounding errors. To this end, we propose a Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) framework that calibrates observational shift, reduces state-action biases, and enforces temporal consistency. Extensive experiments show that TTA effectively mitigates planning biases and yields superior scaling dynamics than its baseline counterparts. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the existence of blind spots in standard OL evaluation protocols that fail to capture the realities of closed-loop deployment.

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fields

cs.CV 3 cs.RO 3

years

2026 6

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UNVERDICTED 6

roles

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background 3

representative citing papers

Scaling Self-Play for End-to-End Driving

cs.RO · 2026-06-17 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

Self-play DAgger training in a batched pixel renderer produces end-to-end driving policies that reach competitive performance on HUGSIM and NAVSIM-v2 after real-world adaptation and improve with more self-play compute.

Bridging Local Observation and Global Simulation in Closed-Loop Traffic Modeling

cs.RO · 2026-06-30 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

CRAFT reduces collisions by 31.2% and traffic violations by 33.2% in closed-loop traffic simulation by discovering context-induced failures in what-if rollouts and using a contextual preference evaluator to reweight autoregressive decoding toward globally coherent behaviors.

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