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General-purpose event generators for LHC physics

9 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

9 Pith papers citing it
abstract

We review the physics basis, main features and use of general-purpose Monte Carlo event generators for the simulation of proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Topics included are: the generation of hard-scattering matrix elements for processes of interest, at both leading and next-to-leading QCD perturbative order; their matching to approximate treatments of higher orders based on the showering approximation; the parton and dipole shower formulations; parton distribution functions for event generators; non-perturbative aspects such as soft QCD collisions, the underlying event and diffractive processes; the string and cluster models for hadron formation; the treatment of hadron and tau decays; the inclusion of QED radiation and beyond-Standard-Model processes. We describe the principal features of the ARIADNE, Herwig++, PYTHIA 8 and SHERPA generators, together with the Rivet and Professor validation and tuning tools, and discuss the physics philosophy behind the proper use of these generators and tools. This review is aimed at phenomenologists wishing to understand better how parton-level predictions are translated into hadron-level events as well as experimentalists wanting a deeper insight into the tools available for signal and background simulation at the LHC.

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representative citing papers

An NLO-Matched Initial and Final State Parton Shower on a GPU

hep-ph · 2025-11-24 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0 · 2 refs

GAPS v2 is a GPU-accelerated parton shower for initial and final state emissions with NLO matching that achieves speed and energy performance on par with a 96-core CPU cluster for NLO Z production at the LHC.

Monte Carlo Event Generation with Continuous Normalizing Flows

hep-ph · 2026-04-03 · conditional · novelty 6.0

Continuous normalizing flows improve unweighting efficiency in Monte Carlo event generation for high-jet-multiplicity collider processes by factors up to 184, with wall-time gains of about ten when combined with coupling-layer flows.

An Introduction to PYTHIA 8.2

hep-ph · 2014-10-11 · accept · novelty 4.0

PYTHIA 8.2 is a mature C++ event generator that combines hard processes, parton showers, multiparton interactions, and string fragmentation into a complete simulation framework for high-energy collisions.

Monte Carlo Event Generators for Future Lepton Colliders

hep-ph · 2026-06-20 · unverdicted · novelty 2.0

Reviews selected challenges in Monte Carlo event generators for future lepton colliders including electroweak corrections, initial-state radiation, beam dynamics, perturbative QCD and non-perturbative modelling.

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