The paper proves, with one explicit assumption in the intermediate regime, that prethermal Floquet phases exist for power-law interacting systems with exponent alpha > d, and predicts a disorder-free one-dimensional prethermal discrete time crystal for 1 < alpha < 2.
Critical thermalization of a disordered dipolar spin system in diamond
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abstract
Statistical mechanics underlies our understanding of macroscopic quantum systems. It is based on the assumption that out-of-equilibrium systems rapidly approach their equilibrium states, forgetting any information about their microscopic initial conditions. This fundamental paradigm is challenged by disordered systems, in which a slowdown or even absence of thermalization is expected. We report the observation of critical thermalization in a three dimensional ensemble of $\sim 10^6$ electronic spins coupled via dipolar interactions. By controlling the spin states of nitrogen vacancy color centers in diamond, we observe slow, sub-exponential relaxation dynamics and identify a regime of power-law decay with disorder-dependent exponents; this behavior is modified at late times owing to many-body interactions. These observations are quantitatively explained by a resonance counting theory that incorporates the effects of both disorder and interactions.
fields
cond-mat.stat-mech 1years
2019 1verdicts
CONDITIONAL 1representative citing papers
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Long-Range Prethermal Phases of Nonequilibrium Matter
The paper proves, with one explicit assumption in the intermediate regime, that prethermal Floquet phases exist for power-law interacting systems with exponent alpha > d, and predicts a disorder-free one-dimensional prethermal discrete time crystal for 1 < alpha < 2.