At finite temperature, a massive vector boson's longitudinal mode sheds part of its Goldstone component, which reappears as a branch cut that can be approximated as a massless quasi-Goldstone with a computed wave-function factor.
Indirect Signals from Solar Dark Matter Annihilation to Long-lived Right-handed Neutrinos
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abstract
We study indirect detection signals from solar annihilation of dark matter (DM) particles into light right-handed (RH) neutrinos with a mass in a $1-5$ GeV range. These RH neutrinos can have a sufficiently long lifetime to allow them to decay outside the Sun and their delayed decays can result in a signal in gamma rays from the otherwise `dark' solar direction, and also a neutrino signal that is not suppressed by the interactions with solar medium. We find that the latest Fermi-LAT and IceCube results place limits on the gamma ray and neutrino signals, respectively. Combined photon and neutrino bounds can constrain the spin-independent DM-nucleon elastic scattering cross section better than direct detection experiments for DM masses from 200 GeV up to several TeV. The bounds on spin-dependent scattering are also much tighter than the strongest limits from direct detection experiments.
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Structures of the Massive Vector Boson Propagators at Finite Temperature Illuminated by the Goldstone Equivalence Gauge
At finite temperature, a massive vector boson's longitudinal mode sheds part of its Goldstone component, which reappears as a branch cut that can be approximated as a massless quasi-Goldstone with a computed wave-function factor.