In nonminimally coupled gravity, the comoving entropy of radiation evolves as S proportional to f2 to the power -3/4, so it can decrease during contraction, violating the second law in its standard form.
p-brane dynamics in (N+1)-dimensional FRW universes: a unified framework
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abstract
We develop a velocity-dependent one-scale model describing p-brane dynamics in flat homogeneous and isotropic backgrounds in a unified framework. We find the corresponding scaling laws in frictionless and friction dominated regimes considering both expanding and collapsing phases.
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gr-qc 1years
2019 1verdicts
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Second law of thermodynamics in nonminimally coupled gravity
In nonminimally coupled gravity, the comoving entropy of radiation evolves as S proportional to f2 to the power -3/4, so it can decrease during contraction, violating the second law in its standard form.