A matrix product operator construction using link-enhanced MPOs enables infinite-lattice simulations of (1+1)D gauge theories with manifest translation invariance and symmetry.
Quantum Link Models: A Discrete Approach to Gauge Theories
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abstract
We construct lattice gauge theories in which the elements of the link matrices are represented by non-commuting operators acting in a Hilbert space. These quantum link models are related to ordinary lattice gauge theories in the same way as quantum spin models are related to ordinary classical spin systems. Here U(1) and SU(2) quantum link models are constructed explicitly. As Hamiltonian theories quantum link models are nonrelativistic gauge theories with potential applications in condensed matter physics. When formulated with a fifth Euclidean dimension, universality arguments suggest that dimensional reduction to four dimensions occurs. Hence, quantum link models are also reformulations of ordinary quantum field theories and are applicable to particle physics, for example to QCD. The configuration space of quantum link models is discrete and hence their numerical treatment should be simpler than that of ordinary lattice gauge theories with a continuous configuration space.
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Digital quantum simulations of string dynamics in a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on IBM hardware with up to 112 qubits agree with tensor networks at short times and thermal averages at long times.
For diagonal quadratic evolutions, qubit encodings are asymptotically cheaper than qudit encodings in both Trotter and LCU settings, but small-dimension qudits can win under favorable synthesis or code-switching assumptions.
Error-mitigated IBM quantum hardware reproduces extrapolated classical simulations of entanglement growth and local thermalization for a truncated SU(2) gauge theory on chains up to 101 plaquettes.
An emergent gauge symmetry valid only in a subset of sectors of the fragmented S=1 dipole-conserving spin chain enables exact quantum simulation of gauge theories using a non-gauge-invariant Hamiltonian.
citing papers explorer
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Infinite matrix product states for $(1+1)$-dimensional gauge theories
A matrix product operator construction using link-enhanced MPOs enables infinite-lattice simulations of (1+1)D gauge theories with manifest translation invariance and symmetry.
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String dynamics of a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on a digital quantum computer
Digital quantum simulations of string dynamics in a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on IBM hardware with up to 112 qubits agree with tensor networks at short times and thermal averages at long times.
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Fault-Tolerant Resource Comparison of Qudit and Qubit Encodings for Diagonal Quadratic Operators
For diagonal quadratic evolutions, qubit encodings are asymptotically cheaper than qudit encodings in both Trotter and LCU settings, but small-dimension qudits can win under favorable synthesis or code-switching assumptions.
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Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers
Error-mitigated IBM quantum hardware reproduces extrapolated classical simulations of entanglement growth and local thermalization for a truncated SU(2) gauge theory on chains up to 101 plaquettes.
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Hilbert Space Fragmentation and Gauge Symmetry
An emergent gauge symmetry valid only in a subset of sectors of the fragmented S=1 dipole-conserving spin chain enables exact quantum simulation of gauge theories using a non-gauge-invariant Hamiltonian.