Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition in the Standard Model with a Low Cutoff
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abstract
We study the possibility of a first-order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) due to a dimension-six operator in the effective Higgs potential. In contrast with previous attempts to make the EWPT strongly first-order as required by electroweak baryogenesis, we do not rely on large one-loop thermally generated cubic Higgs interactions. Instead, we augment the Standard Model (SM) effective theory with a dimension-six Higgs operator. This addition enables a strong first-order phase transition to develop even with a Higgs boson mass well above the current direct limit of 114 GeV. The phi^6 term can be generated for instance by strong dynamics at the TeV scale or by integrating out heavy particles like an additional singlet scalar field. We discuss conditions to comply with electroweak precision constraints, and point out how future experimental measurements of the Higgs self couplings could test the idea.
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A dimension-six operator |H|^2|phi|^4 in a U(1)_D singlet extension relaxes the usual Higgs-portal and mixing-angle correlation, enabling strong first-order electroweak phase transitions driven primarily by the singlet VEV.
Simulations show TianQin and LISA can reconstruct the dimension-six model parameter Λ to sub-percent statistical precision for strong signals using Fisher, Bayesian sampling, and machine learning on data with noise and foregrounds.
Updated LISA detection prospects for gravitational waves from phase transitions are derived from state-of-the-art sound-wave simulations, with a new web tool PTPlot provided for parameter scans.
citing papers explorer
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Electroweak First-Order Phase Transition Triggered by Non-Gaussian Fluctuations of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Symmetric Spectator Scalar
Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
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Electroweak phase transitions in a $U(1)_D$ extension of the standard model with dimension-six operators: Gravitational waves and LHC signatures
A dimension-six operator |H|^2|phi|^4 in a U(1)_D singlet extension relaxes the usual Higgs-portal and mixing-angle correlation, enabling strong first-order electroweak phase transitions driven primarily by the singlet VEV.
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Model Parameter Reconstruction of Electroweak Phase Transition with TianQin and LISA: Insights from the Dimension-Six Model
Simulations show TianQin and LISA can reconstruct the dimension-six model parameter Λ to sub-percent statistical precision for strong signals using Fisher, Bayesian sampling, and machine learning on data with noise and foregrounds.
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Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update
Updated LISA detection prospects for gravitational waves from phase transitions are derived from state-of-the-art sound-wave simulations, with a new web tool PTPlot provided for parameter scans.