A large-scale multilingual evaluation of LLM uncertainty estimation methods across 22 languages and 9 models finds that English reasoning closes the UE gap for low-resource languages and that optimal UE method choice depends on model scale.
Unsupervised Quality Estimation for Neural Machine Translation
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RISC reformulates self-consistency answer selection as a ranking task solved by a lightweight LambdaRank model with five hand-designed features, yielding better accuracy-efficiency trade-offs than majority voting on QA benchmarks.
Clustered Self-Assessment groups sampled LLM responses into semantic clusters, presents clusters as multiple-choice options, and uses the LLM's assigned probabilities to those options as direct uncertainty estimates, outperforming entropy baselines with as few as two extra samples.
Adapts multi-layer token-level Mahalanobis distance with supervised linear regression to yield improved uncertainty scores for LLM truthfulness tasks.
A regression model using attention features and recurrent uncertainty scores improves selective generation in LLMs over unsupervised and supervised baselines on ten datasets and three models.
IUQ quantifies claim-level uncertainty in long-form LLM generation by combining inter-sample consistency and intra-sample faithfulness through an interrogate-then-respond approach and outperforms baselines on two datasets.
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Estimating Uncertainty from Reasoning: A Large-Scale Study of Multi- and Crosslingual MCQA Performance in LLMs
A large-scale multilingual evaluation of LLM uncertainty estimation methods across 22 languages and 9 models finds that English reasoning closes the UE gap for low-resource languages and that optimal UE method choice depends on model scale.
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Boosting Self-Consistency with Ranking
RISC reformulates self-consistency answer selection as a ranking task solved by a lightweight LambdaRank model with five hand-designed features, yielding better accuracy-efficiency trade-offs than majority voting on QA benchmarks.
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Clustered Self-Assessment: A Simple yet Effective Method for Uncertainty Quantification in Large Language Models
Clustered Self-Assessment groups sampled LLM responses into semantic clusters, presents clusters as multiple-choice options, and uses the LLM's assigned probabilities to those options as direct uncertainty estimates, outperforming entropy baselines with as few as two extra samples.
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Token-Level Density-Based Uncertainty Quantification Methods for Eliciting Truthfulness of Large Language Models
Adapts multi-layer token-level Mahalanobis distance with supervised linear regression to yield improved uncertainty scores for LLM truthfulness tasks.
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Unconditional Truthfulness: Learning Unconditional Uncertainty of Large Language Models
A regression model using attention features and recurrent uncertainty scores improves selective generation in LLMs over unsupervised and supervised baselines on ten datasets and three models.
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IUQ: Interrogative Uncertainty Quantification for Long-Form Large Language Model Generation
IUQ quantifies claim-level uncertainty in long-form LLM generation by combining inter-sample consistency and intra-sample faithfulness through an interrogate-then-respond approach and outperforms baselines on two datasets.