On Base, probabilistic search is 23% of arbitrage activity but causes 95% of spam and 20% of gas use; protocol changes shift revenue toward successful trades and reduce spam share.
Timing games: Probabilistic backrunning and spam, 2026
2 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Pith papers citing it
years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
IV panel estimates yield gas demand elasticities of -0.006 on Ethereum and -0.036 on Arbitrum, with L2 more responsive and variation by resource type and user cluster.
citing papers explorer
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Price Elasticity of Gas Demand on L1 and L2: Evidence from Ethereum and Arbitrum
IV panel estimates yield gas demand elasticities of -0.006 on Ethereum and -0.036 on Arbitrum, with L2 more responsive and variation by resource type and user cluster.