A scale-invariant model uses a diluting-matter-dependent potential to connect early and late dark energy via tunneling, alleviating the Hubble tension with best-fit early dark energy fraction ~0.3 at z~5000.
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abstract
We perform a comprehensive cosmological study of the $H_0$ tension between the direct local measurement and the model-dependent value inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background. With the recent measurement of $H_0$ this tension has raised to more than $3\sigma$. We consider changes in the early time physics without modifying the late time cosmology. We also reconstruct the late time expansion history in a model independent way with minimal assumptions using distances measures from Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Type Ia Supernovae, finding that at $z<0.6$ the recovered shape of the expansion history is less than 5 % different than that of a standard LCDM model. These probes also provide a model insensitive constraint on the low-redshift standard ruler, measuring directly the combination $r_s h$ where $H_0=h \times 100$ km/s/Mpc and $r_s$ is the sound horizon at radiation drag (the standard ruler), traditionally constrained by CMB observations. Thus $r_s$ and $H_0$ provide absolute scales for distance measurements (anchors) at opposite ends of the observable Universe. We calibrate the cosmic distance ladder and obtain a model-independent determination of the standard ruler for acoustic scale, $r_s$. The tension in $H_0$ reflects a mismatch between our determination of $r_s$ and its standard, CMB-inferred value. Without including high-l Planck CMB polarization data (i.e., only considering the "recommended baseline" low-l polarisation and temperature and the high l temperature data), a modification of the early-time physics to include a component of dark radiation with an effective number of species around 0.4 would reconcile the CMB-inferred constraints, and the local $H_0$ and standard ruler determinations. The inclusion of the "preliminary" high-l Planck CMB polarisation data disfavours this solution.
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representative citing papers
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A scale-invariant model uses a diluting-matter-dependent potential to connect early and late dark energy via tunneling, alleviating the Hubble tension with best-fit early dark energy fraction ~0.3 at z~5000.
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EDE models increase inferred α_s from CMB data, strengthening tension with USR PBH models that predict negative running.
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Tensions in the supernova intercept a_B at z~0.01 in PantheonPlus and z~0.1 in DES-Y5 point to data systematics or inter-survey inconsistencies rather than new physics, aligning H0 measurements and reducing support for dynamical dark energy.
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Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters
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Cosmological Constraints on Minimal Cubic Galileon Models in Teleparallel Gravity
Observational constraints on teleparallel cubic Galileon cosmologies with quadratic and exponential potentials show viability for late-time acceleration, with the fixed b1 quadratic case competitive under AIC but not BIC.
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Beyond CPL: Evidence for dynamical dark energy in three-parameter models
Two three-parameter extensions of the mAH dark energy parametrization are compared to LambdaCDM, wCDM, CPL and others using CMB, DESI BAO, H(z), RSD and three SNIa samples, yielding Delta chi-squared improvements of 6-38 and 2-5 sigma tensions with LambdaCDM.
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Interacting Scalar Fields as Dark Energy and Dark Matter in Einstein scalar Gauss Bonnet Gravity
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Barrow holographic dark energy interacting model in the presence of radiation and matter
Numerical study of interacting Barrow holographic dark energy in non-flat universes with radiation, showing EoS transitions and higher fitted H0 values that may address Hubble tension.
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Re-analysis with PR4 Planck likelihoods reduces lensing anomaly significance and curvature preference in Lambda CDM extensions while indicating a preference for evolving dark energy consistent with DESI.
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Impact of the SNe Ia Magnitude Transition at 20 Mpc on Cosmological Parameter Estimation
A 0.19 mag step in supernova absolute magnitude at 20 Mpc improves data fit and increases the Hubble constant by 2% while leaving matter density and dark energy parameters stable.
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The Hubble tension: A decade review
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