Constructs a phase space for gravitational degrees of freedom on null ray segments with commuting localized observables via edge modes and dressing time, then introduces an effective classical theory with Virasoro deformations to capture diffeomorphism anomalies and distinguish gauge, physical, and
Partial observables
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abstract
We discuss the distinction between the notion of partial observable and the notion of complete observable. Mixing up the two is frequently a source of confusion. The distinction bears on several issues related to observability, such as (i) whether time is an observable in quantum mechanics, (ii) what are the observables in general relativity, (iii) whether physical observables should or should not commute with the Wheeler-DeWitt operator in quantum gravity. We argue that the extended configuration space has a direct physical interpretation, as the space of the partial observables. This space plays a central role in the structure of classical and quantum mechanics and the clarification of its physical meaning sheds light on this structure, particularly in context of general covariant physics.
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In a path-integral model of timeless quantum systems, time evolution arises when a clock is prepared in a semiclassical state, showing that the cosine problem in quantum gravity follows from time-reversal invariance and neutral boundary conditions.
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Localization and anomalous reference frames in gravity
Constructs a phase space for gravitational degrees of freedom on null ray segments with commuting localized observables via edge modes and dressing time, then introduces an effective classical theory with Virasoro deformations to capture diffeomorphism anomalies and distinguish gauge, physical, and
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The problem of time: a path integral view
In a path-integral model of timeless quantum systems, time evolution arises when a clock is prepared in a semiclassical state, showing that the cosine problem in quantum gravity follows from time-reversal invariance and neutral boundary conditions.