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450 Days of Type II SN 2013ej in Optical and Near-Infrared

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abstract

We present optical and near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2013ej, in galaxy M74, from 1 to 450 days after the explosion. SN 2013ej is a hydrogen-rich supernova, classified as a Type IIL due to its relatively fast decline following the initial peak. It has a relatively high peak luminosity (absolute magnitude M$_\rm{V}$ = -17.6) but a small $^{56}$Ni production of ~0.023 M$_\odot$. Its photospheric evolution is similar to other Type II SNe, with shallow absorption in the H{\alpha} profile typical for a Type IIL. During transition to the radioactive decay tail at ~100 days, we find the SN to grow bluer in B - V colour, in contrast to some other Type II supernovae. At late times, the bolometric light curve declined faster than expected from $^{56}$Co decay and we observed unusually broad and asymmetric nebular emission lines. Based on comparison of nebular emission lines most sensitive to the progenitor core mass, we find our observations are best matched to synthesized spectral models with a M$_\rm{ZAMS}$ = 12 - 15 M$_\odot$ progenitor. The derived mass range is similar to but not higher than the mass estimated for Type IIP progenitors. This is against the idea that Type IIL are from more massive stars. Observations are consistent with the SN having a progenitor with a relatively low-mass envelope.

fields

astro-ph.HE 1

years

2026 1

verdicts

UNVERDICTED 1

representative citing papers

SN 2023rve: A Type II Supernova with No Nebular Oxygen

astro-ph.HE · 2026-06-29 · unverdicted · novelty 4.0

SN 2023rve exhibits absent [O I] nebular lines with inferred 14-18 solar mass progenitor, 0.27e51 erg explosion energy, and 0.0064 solar mass nickel, possibly indicating partial fallback.

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  • SN 2023rve: A Type II Supernova with No Nebular Oxygen astro-ph.HE · 2026-06-29 · unverdicted · none · ref 261 · internal anchor

    SN 2023rve exhibits absent [O I] nebular lines with inferred 14-18 solar mass progenitor, 0.27e51 erg explosion energy, and 0.0064 solar mass nickel, possibly indicating partial fallback.