A new gravitational wave event reveals a binary black hole merger with total mass 190-265 solar masses, indicating black holes can form via gravitational-wave driven mergers beyond standard stellar channels.
Search for gravitational lensing signatures in LIGO-Virgo binary black hole events
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abstract
We search for signatures of gravitational lensing in the binary black hole events detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo during their first two observational runs. In particular, we look for three effects: 1) evidence of lensing magnification in the individual signals due to galaxy lenses, 2) evidence of multiple images due to strong lensing by galaxies, 3) evidence of wave optics effects due to point-mass lenses. We find no compelling evidence of any of these signatures in the observed gravitational wave signals. However, as the sensitivities of gravitational wave detectors improve in the future, detecting lensed events may become quite likely.
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In a curvature-coupled propagation framework for modified gravity, gravitational-wave lensing in wave optics shows persistent infrared interactions that prevent the amplification factor from approaching unity at zero frequency, requiring an interacting Green function and partial-wave treatment.
Posterior Overlap 2.0 finds no lensed BBH pairs in O1–O4a (p_L < 0.6% for all pairs) and sets a 90% upper bound of 1.4% on the strong-lensing fraction.
Joint strong-lensing and population inference on resolved gravitational-wave events finds no lensed events and tightens constraints on the black-hole merger rate peak redshift and high-redshift tail.
Subhalos produce percent-level modulations in saddle and minimum images; matched-filter analysis yields >5σ combined detections in 62% of realizations for fiducial sources near caustics, projecting 10-20 substructure detections over the LISA mission.
A two-step Bayesian reweighting scheme using Euclid galaxy locations boosts the Bayes factor for true lensed GW pairs by a factor of about 10 while lowering it for unlensed coincidences.
Unmodeled point-mass lensing produces a spurious nonzero graviton mass posterior in GW231123 that vanishes when lensing is included in the analysis.
Simulations indicate joint Taiji+LISA analysis of five SLGW events yields H0 95% credible interval uncertainties of 0.11 (source redshift unknown) or 0.042 (source redshift known).
citing papers explorer
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GW231123: a Binary Black Hole Merger with Total Mass 190-265 $M_{\odot}$
A new gravitational wave event reveals a binary black hole merger with total mass 190-265 solar masses, indicating black holes can form via gravitational-wave driven mergers beyond standard stellar channels.
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Wave-optics gravitational wave lensing in modified gravity
In a curvature-coupled propagation framework for modified gravity, gravitational-wave lensing in wave optics shows persistent infrared interactions that prevent the amplification factor from approaching unity at zero frequency, requiring an interacting Green function and partial-wave treatment.
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Search for strong lensing of gravitational waves in the binary black hole events from O1-O4a
Posterior Overlap 2.0 finds no lensed BBH pairs in O1–O4a (p_L < 0.6% for all pairs) and sets a 90% upper bound of 1.4% on the strong-lensing fraction.
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Joint population and strong-lensing inference for resolved gravitational-wave events probes the black-hole merger rate beyond the peak of star formation
Joint strong-lensing and population inference on resolved gravitational-wave events finds no lensed events and tightens constraints on the black-hole merger rate peak redshift and high-redshift tail.
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Wave-optics imprints of dark matter subhalos on strongly lensed gravitational waves. II. Saddle images and detectability
Subhalos produce percent-level modulations in saddle and minimum images; matched-filter analysis yields >5σ combined detections in 62% of realizations for fiducial sources near caustics, projecting 10-20 substructure detections over the LISA mission.
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Improved Identification of Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves with Host Galaxy Locations
A two-step Bayesian reweighting scheme using Euclid galaxy locations boosts the Bayes factor for true lensed GW pairs by a factor of about 10 while lowering it for unlensed coincidences.
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GW231123: False Massive Graviton Signatures from Unmodeled Point-Mass Lensing
Unmodeled point-mass lensing produces a spurious nonzero graviton mass posterior in GW231123 that vanishes when lensing is included in the analysis.
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Measuring the Hubble constant with strongly lensed gravitational waves from space-based detector networks
Simulations indicate joint Taiji+LISA analysis of five SLGW events yields H0 95% credible interval uncertainties of 0.11 (source redshift unknown) or 0.042 (source redshift known).