A new time-step gauge makes long 3D primordial black hole formation simulations about 94 times cheaper and reproduces the known spherical collapse threshold and critical exponent.
We then convert the reconstructed primitive states to the densitized conserved statesU L,R = (E,S 1,S 2,S 3)T L,R using the common face-centered geometry
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Long-term 3+1 simulations of primordial black hole formation during radiation domination
A new time-step gauge makes long 3D primordial black hole formation simulations about 94 times cheaper and reproduces the known spherical collapse threshold and critical exponent.